How Barbie doll does promote traditional gender roles., effect on Essay

How Barbie doll promotes conventional sexual orientation jobs., impact on sex conduct - Essay Example She is accustomed to representing the individual minor departure from general normal sexual orientation topics happening in light of the fact that various powers impact all people. Barbie Doll is maybe used to show that sexual orientation is critical and central to the personality of a person. Sexual orientation is exemplified and lived by everybody all the times of their lives. In that capacity, it tends to be contended that sex is both an individual development just as is learnt by method of social plan and request, which advances the enticing gauges of being male and female. Indeed, the Barbie doll has been depicted as the toy that was structured and made for ladies to edify ladies about what the general public anticipates from them. A few ways of thinking declare that Barbie doll has noteworthy issues that encompass gentility and sexual orientation standards. Indeed, Barbie doll can be portrayed to be the ideal portrayal of female sexuality as saw by the general public and as pro pagated by the media (Bothell 17). Sexual orientation explicit conduct is an aftereffect of both nature and socialization. The general public, to a great extent, directs how people see themselves. Both the male and female in the general public distinguish the â€Å"self† as made out of both the individual and the general public. Barbie doll delineates this sort of cultural impact just excessively well. She copies the female character. She is accustomed to speaking to the lady in the general public who works as a self-imaging device. Maybe a significant effect that she has on self-perception portrayal is that her body has a general human body structure. Maybe to show that sex explicit conduct is affected by socialization and nature, one just needs to take a gander at Barbie’s crowd kids. Numerous scholastics accept that youngsters are the most defenseless against undesirable self-perceptions that the doll ventures (Bothell 61). Socialization happens when kids play. They need an inward portrayal that could also be thought to be consistent with all guys and females

Product Mix and New Product Development Strategies Essay

The Coca-Cola versus Pepsi rivalry is maybe the most notable contention throughout the entire existence of promoting. Coke has since quite a while ago delighted in the home field advantage, having gotten dug in as the most well known and recognizable cola all through the world. Despite the fact that it has cut itself a considerable segment of the market, Pepsi has battled to coordinate the business income of Coca-Cola; as of not long ago. In spite of the fact that Pepsi has never verged on rising to Coke cola piece of the overall industry, they have gotten more forceful and adroit than Coke in cornering the non-carbonated refreshment advertise. It is in this market Pepsi is looking to acquire a supportable upper hand over Coke. It their mission to secure and grow new items, will the utilization of the PTSTP technique assist Pepsi with growing new items so as to get a practical serious advantage?A item is characterized in three levels; center, real, and increased. The center of the item is the advantage it offers the customer. For the case of colas, it could be refreshment, vitality (sugar and caffeine), readiness, or just delight. The soft drink itself is the real item. The enlarged item for a cola could be the acknowledgment and status increases apparent by drinking that specific brand. Or on the other hand it could even be the weight reduction from adhering to consume less calories colas. For the improvement of new items, we first need to recognize what comprises of another item. There are six classes of new products:1.New-To-The-World. This is an item that has no like item offered somewhere else. For instance, when the primary PC was offered to people in general, this would be another item. 2.New Product Lines. This is when comparable items exist, conceivably significantly under a similar brand, yet another line of the item offers some unmistakable distinction to those items previously advertised. For instance, offering diet colas notwithstanding standard colas under a similar brand. 3.Product Line Additions. This is the expansion of an item that is legitimately identified with one advertised. For instance, offering Vanilla Coke available to be purchased nearby Coke. 4.Improvements/Revisions. This is an item which has just been offered,â but some change or modification has been made to the items properties. For instance: New Coke, or anything named â€Å"new and improved.†5.Repositioned Products. A similar item offered in another market or coordinated towards another objective market. For instance Pepsi bringing Sabritas chips into the US to focus on the Hispanic market. 6.Lower-Priced Products. This is essentially diminishing the cost of a current item to invigorate deals. New items influence the item blend of an organization. Item blend is commonly characterized as â€Å"the absolute composite of items offered by a specific organization.† The item blend incorporates both individual items and product offerings. A product offering is a gathering of items which are firmly related by work, client base, appropriation, or value go. To utilize Pepsi for instance, Pepsi’s item blend incorporates drinks and potato chips. The refreshment product offering comprises of carbonated, non-carbonated, and water. Pepsi, Gatorade, and Aquafina all are singular items. PTSTP is a memory aide for the five stage process basic Target Marketing and Positioning. The five stages are as follows:1.Identify serious Products. 2.Define the Target advertise. 3.Determine the reason for Segmentation. 4.Determine if any Target markets are underserved. 5.Develop a Product for the underserved advertise. By utilizing this strategy, an organization can distinguish a hole in a specific market portion. This hole might be available on the grounds that there is no item to fill it, or in light of the fact that the present item is arriving at an incredible finish cycle, in this manner making an open door for new development. To respond to the past inquiry, we will differentiate the PTSTP technique to Coca-Cola and Pespi’s advancement of the non-carbonated drink advertise. Pepsi has consistently battled to coordinate Coke’s piece of the pie in colas and other carbonated refreshments. Coke appreciates a 44% cut of the market contrasted with Pepsi’s 32%. During their multi year competition, Pepsi has never verged on selling as much soft drink as Coke. Quite a bit of this is expected to Coke’s brand acknowledgment. In spite of the fact that in 2006 Pepsi, just because, beat Coke in refreshments sold. This was expected to Pepsi’s embracement of the non-carbonated drink showcase, where it drove the market with a 24% offer over Coke’s 16%. Pepsi had the option to perceive and exploit the developing non-carbonized advertise a lot sooner than Coca-Cola. In spite of the fact that cola deals have as of late deteriorated to under 1% development, non-carbonated drinks became 8% in 2004. A significant part of the disappointment of Coke to venture into this market can be followed back to the tenacity of Coke officials to grow past the soft drink showcase. Coke had a chance to get Quaker Oats in the 1990’s, yet passed on the chance. Rather, Pepsi obtained Quaker Oats in 2001. Among Quaker Oats resources were Gatorade and Snapple, the two chiefs in their business sectors. Despite the fact that these product offerings were at that point set up, they spoke to new items to Pepsi, as they spoke to Pepsi’s presentation into the non-carbonated refreshment showcase. Subsequently, Pepsi claims a telling lead in the games drink advertise, with Gatorade holding a 80% offer to Coke’s Powerade at 15%. Until 2001, Coca-Cola had been hesitant to grasp new items. They were not ready to expand their organization and take the risk in the non-carbonated market, until they saw the achievement Pepsi was having. Notwithstanding missing Quaker Oats, Coke lost an offering war for the Sobe line of improved juices, and their offer for the Planet Java line of espressos teas was not grasped by their free bottlers. Be that as it may, since 2000 Coke has been effectively looking for new items in this market, including the obtaining of the fruitful Minute Maid juice line. The distinction in reasoning has had the effect for Pepsi. Actually, losing the cola wars may have been the best thing for Pepsi. This constrained Pepsi to look outside the soft drink domain so as to build benefits. As Pepsi’s CEO, Steven Reinemund accepts that his company’s development is because of their steady journey for change, that â€Å"Innovation is the thing that buyers areâ looking for, especially in the little, routine things of their life.† Pepsi’s eagerness to grasp new product offerings has given them the edge over Coke without precedent for history. Their contributions of Quaker Oats’ refreshments, Sobe, and Aquafina have all been firsts for a soft drink organization. Accordingly, they have picked up the brand acknowledgment over Coke’s resulting contributions, prompting an expanded piece of the overall industry. With the end goal for Pepsi to keep up their upper hand over Coke, they have to follow the counsel of Reinemund, by staying imaginative. PTSTP can assist them with supporting this bit of leeway. By distinguishing potential markets, and creating items for these business sectors, they can keep on catching new pieces of the overall industry. The drink showcase is immersed with choices for the shopper, with new items seeming ordinary. A considerable lot of these items are minor departure from existing items. For instance, caffeinated drinks have gotten exceptionally famous in the previous hardly any years. Thus the market has gotten overwhelmed with choices. It will turn out to be progressively hard to present new items in this class. By utilizing PTSTP, Pepsi can recognize another specialty in this market, or an alternate market to misuse. Utilizing the caffeinated drinks for instance, the contenders territory from Fuze, Red Bull, and numerous others. By characterizing the objective market, they can distinguish that similar socioeconomics both will in general purchase soft drinks and caffeinated drinks. Pepsi would then be able to section the market into youthful guys (18-30). They at that point establish that the objective market of consolidated soft drink caffeinated drinks is underserved. They at that point build up an item to serve this market. In this way Pepsi Max is conceived. By utilizing PTSTP, Pepsi has made another item in soft drink caffeinated drinks, Pepsi Max. It is this sort of imagination and development that is grasped by Reinemund, and will serve to maintain Pepsi with a supported upper hand over Coke. Just by utilizing a technique, for example, PTSTP, can underserved markets be recognized and misused. References 1. http://business.enotes.com/business-account reference book/item mix2. Brady, Diane (). A Thousand and One Noshes: How Pepsi deftly adjusts items to changing purchaser tastes. Business Week. 14 Jun 20043. Foust, Dean. Things Go Better With †¦ Juice: Coke’s new CEO should move rapidly to get up to speed in noncarbonated beverages. Business Week. 17 May 20044. Brooker, Katrina. How Pepsi outgunned Coke: Losing the cola wars was the best thing that at any point happened to Pepsi †while Coke was observing, PEP assumed control over an a lot bigger market. FORTUNE 1 Feb 2006http://money.cnn.com/2006/02/01/news/organizations/pepsi_fortune/index.htm5. http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_three_levels_of_a_product.htm

Making Minimalism (Episode 1)

Making Minimalism (Episode 1) This is the first episode from our new web series Making Minimalism, created by Matt DAvella. Watch the entire series for free on YouTube. About Making Minimalism Creating our documentary, Minimalism, was simple, but not easy. A few years back we jumped in our tour bus (an old Toyota Corolla) and spoke with people around the country about how simple living had changed their lives. Now, with Making Minimalism, were deconstructing how we made the film from the very beginning. You’ll get a look at never-before-seen footage as we detail all of our big wins, failures, breakthroughs, and discoveries. See The Minimalists live on tour.

International Business Develop Fast - 2198 Words

Today,international business develop fast,it is important to communicate in different cultures .we should understand the difference which exist between other culture and ours. everyone from different countries or culture is quite different,it is required that we have to know a little bit about other cultures,for example,a word can have several meanings referring different cultural background.How to avoid misunderstand or even conflict, it is a problem we need to think about and solve. In most cultures, a handshake is an acceptable greeting. However, the meaning of the grip of a handshake varies from culture to culture. Also, there are different greetings that are more effective in some cultures. In most cultures, a suit is viewed as appropriate attire while conducting business. However, different cultures wear different types of dress for business. Many cultures prefer conservative dress in public. In the Middle East, women are fully covered. Therefore, it is important to dress appropriately while interacting with other cultures. Using gestures, while communicating cross-culturally, is very risky. Many gestures that one may find acceptable practice in their culture may be very unacceptable or even insulting in another culture.Examples of body gestures include instinctively beckoning to a waiter, and initiating a business presentation with visual signals to greet people. In Thailand, people snap their fingers to call a waiter over to request their bill whereasShow MoreRelatedSubway International And The Global Fast Food Industry1437 Words   |  6 Pages Subway International and the Global Fast Food Industry Murad H. Yousef BU 502 - Applied Business Research and Communication Skills Southern State University August 21, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract This case study determines the critical success factors used by Subway Restaurants Corporation to expand nationally, which the corporation wants to use also to expand internationally. 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It can be noted that each day, nearly eight million customers avails the products and foods offered by this fast food chain.   KFC has more than 11, 000 branches in more than 80 nations and territories all over theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kfc s International Expansion Opportunities Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pages An Analysis Of KFC’s International Expansion Opportunities A Case Study of Ivey School Of Business Analysis By Carson McLaren December 5, 2016 BBB4M-1 Mr James Table of Contents Title Page 2. Table of Contents 3. Problem (Issues) Statement 4. Case Analysis 5. Analysis of Alternatives 6. Recommendations 7. Annotated Case Study Problem Identification Key Decisions Is International expansion the most effective way to

My Meditation Practice Plan For The Physical Aspect

My mindfulness practice plan will consist of the four areas physical, emotional, spiritual, and vital/rhythmic. The mindfulness practice plan which I have developed, provide activities which I currently enjoy doing, as well as ones that I have not experienced but have always been interested in trying. I am a very spiritual person, and therefore the spiritual area for me is one aspect that I feel is extremely important when dealing with healing one’s self. Also, being an emotionally driven individual, the emotional aspect I believe has to be in balance in order for the physical aspect to be done successfully. C1a Create two goals for each of the four aspects: The first goal in my practice plan, for the physical aspect, is to start drinking more water. This has always been a challenge for me, because I find water to be boring and lacking taste. However, I know that hydrating your body is important for many different reasons. 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Assess The Level Of Anemia Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This chapter discusses the findings of the survey derived from the descriptive and illative statistics. The survey was conducted to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem. Description of the demographic variables The demographic variables were collected through Structured Questionnaire and anaemia was assessed by Sahlis Hemoglobinometer graduated table. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess The Level Of Anemia Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The degree of anaemia was assessed before and after disposal of beetroot mush. The research worker found that in experimental group, 19 ( 63.33 % ) were in the age group of 15 old ages and in control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) were in the age group of 14 old ages. This survey was supported by, Thankachen et Al ( 2008 ) he did the survey to gauge the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss. In this survey 296 adolescent misss were studied between the age group of 10-19 old ages and concluded that 60-70 % of adolescent misss were anaemic between the age group of 13 to 15 old ages. In experimental group 18 ( 60 % ) were analyzing in 10th criterion and in control group 15 ( 50 % ) were analyzing in 9th criterion. In experimental group, 23 ( 76.67 % ) non-vegetarian whereas in control group 25 ( 83.33 % ) were non -vegetarian. In experimental group, 25 ( 83.33 ) were taking 3 times nutrient per twenty-four hours and in control group 25 ( 83.33 ) were taking 3 times nutrient per twenty-four hours. In experimental group 29 ( 96.67 % ) were taking jammed tiffin from place and in control group 30 ( 100 % ) all of them were taking jammed tiffin from place. In experimental group 22 ( 73.33 % ) had regular catamenial rhythm and in control group 22 ( 73.33 % ) had regular catamenial rhythm. In experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) had normal catamenial flow and in control group 9 ( 30 % ) had regular A ; inordinate catamenial flow. The first aim of the survey was to measure the degree of anaemia among adolescent misss During pretest in the experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) samples had mild and moderate anaemia. In control group bulk of them 19 ( 63 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. During posttest in experimental group bulk of them 21 ( 70 % ) had mild anemia, 2 ( 6.66 ) had moderate anaemia and 7 ( 23.33 % ) had no anaemia. In control group bulk of them 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. Rohini et al. , ( 2007 ) conducted survey to measure the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss in 16 slums at Pune. 1142 Adolescents were selected as samples. Data aggregation was done based on bio physiological steps, dietetic history, morbidity history, anthropometric steps, and ingestion of locally available Fe rich nutrients. The consequence showed that 1.3 % of misss were badly anaemic and 58 % of misss were reasonably anaemic ( P lt ; 0.01 ) in the survey population. The 2nd aim was to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss in experimental group. In experimental group, the posttest average mark of anaemia was 10.53AÂ ±0.65 and in control group the mean mark was 9.76AÂ ±0.29. The ‘t ‘ value was 5.31* which showed that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering the hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. Therefore hypothesis H1 was retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Fsaumi, ( 2003 ) conducted an experimental survey to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra juice on anaemia. The topics were 20 adolescent misss in the age group of 12- 16 old ages who were divided into two groups, 10 as experimental and 10 as control group. The misss of the experimental group were given nutritionary addendum Beta vulgaris rubra ( 50gm | twenty-four hours ) for a period of 25 yearss and the control group was given placebo for the same period. Diet form was same for all the 20 topics. Consequence showed that there was an addition in the serum haemoglobin degree ( 72 % ) and folic acid ( 68 % ) degree in the experimental group after the disposal of beetroot supplementation ( m=10.31, SD=1.32146 ) irrespective of their demographic variables and the obtained ‘t ‘ value ( t = 9.39, P lt ; 0.05 ) was important. It is concluded that the addition in serum haemoglobin degrees irrespective of their demographic variables in the experimental group as compar ed to command group was decidedly due to the consequence of Beta vulgaris rubra supplementation. The 3rd aim was to tie in the pretest tonss on anaemia among adolescent misss in experimental and control group with their selected background variables. In experimental and control group there was no association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected background variables at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Drumhead The treatment was made in this chapter based on the aims of the survey and its relation with similar surveies conducted by other research workers. All the three aims have been obtained. The first formulated hypothesis was retained and 2nd hypothesis was rejected in this survey. CHAPTER-VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter consists of four subdivisions. In the first two subdivisions, the sum-up and the decision were presented. In the last two subdivisions, the deductions for nursing pattern and the recommendations for farther research were presented. Drumhead The intent of this survey was to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem. True experimental pretest and posttest design was chosen for this survey. 60 samples were selected ( 30 in experimental 30 in control group ) from Govt. High. School, Poolaveri and Govt. High. School, Veerapandi, Salem through systematic random trying technique from which information was collected through demographic proforma and Sahlis Hemoglobinometer. The information was analysed by utilizing descriptive and illative statistics. To prove the hypothesis, independent ‘t ‘ trial and chi-square was used. The P lt ; 0.05 degree of significance was used to prove the hypothesis. In pretest, in experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) had mild anaemia and 15 ( 50 % ) had moderate anaemia. In control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. In posttest, in experimental group 21 ( 70 % ) had mild anemia, 2 ( 6.66 ) had moderate anaemia and 7 ( 23.33 % ) had no anaemia. In control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. In experimental group, the average pretest mark on anaemia was 9.48AÂ ±0.81, posttest mark was 10.53AÂ ±0.65, with a difference of 1.05. In the control group, the pretest mean mark was 9.64AÂ ±0.53, and posttest mean mark was 9.76AÂ ±0.29 with a difference of 0.12. In experimental group, the posttest average mark of anaemia was 10.53AÂ ±0.65 and in control group the mean mark is 9.76AÂ ±0.29. The ‘t ‘ value was 5.31 which shows that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering the hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. Therefore hypothesis H1 was retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. In experimental and control group there was no association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected demographic variables at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected at P gt ; 0.05 degree. Decision This survey was done to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris root mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem. The consequence of this survey showed that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. There was no important association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected background variables in experimental and control group. Hence formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected at P gt ; 0.05 degree Deductions Anemia is the commonest wellness job among adolescent misss. Hence there is a demand to hold nutritionary supplementation for direction of anaemia. The consequence of the survey proved that Beta vulgaris rubra mush can be used efficaciously in the nutritionary direction of anaemia. Nursing service: Regular showing of school kids can be arranged by school wellness nurse to observe anaemia and forestall its patterned advance. Educate the benefits of Fe rich diet and its function in bar and control of anaemia. Nutritional intercessions can be introduced as a primary manner of intercession by the nurses for the intervention of anaemia. The school wellness nurses can set up nutritionary supplementation Sessionss for school kids particularly for adolescent misss. Continuous instruction to the school instructors sing importance of nutritionary supplementation are necessary for cut downing the prevalence of malnutrition including anaemia. All the anaemic persons can be taught about the importance of taking Fe rich diet by small town wellness nurse. Nursing instruction: Nurse pedagogues could stress the construct of school wellness and encourages pupil nurses to appreciate the function of the nurse as an pedagogue of the school kids. Nurse pedagogue should take enterprise in forming go oning instruction plan for nurses on effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush in direction of anaemia. Motivate the pupils to update the cognition on assorted invention attacks in intervention modes for anaemia. Nursing disposal: Necessary disposal support can be provided to carry on plans on bar of anaemia. Form in-service instruction sing anaemia and its effects for community wellness workers and school instructors to cut down its impact on wellness position of kids. The nurse decision maker coordinates her work along with the staffs, to promote them to make selected alternate nutritionary steps like Beta vulgaris rubra mush in the direction of anaemia. Nursing research: Nursing research demand to be done to happen out assorted other nutritionary steps in order to cut down prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss. Research can be done on assorted populations at assorted scenes. Recommendations A similar survey can be conducted with prenatal female parents. An extended descriptive survey can be conducted to measure the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss. A similar survey can be done for kids ‘s of other age groups and grownups. A comparative survey can be done to find the effectivity of nutritionary intercession vs. pharmacological intercession on anaemia A Similar survey can be conducted by utilizing one group pretest and posttest design. A similar survey can be conducted in urban schools. A similar survey can be conducted in rural and urban communities. Drumhead This chapter dealt with drumhead, decision, deductions for nursing and recommendations. How to cite Assess The Level Of Anemia Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Machiavelli and Aristotles idea of virtue

Introduction Machiavelli and Aristotle’s perceptions towards virtue endure until today. The differences in their perceptions towards politics allowed the two to come up with diverse dimensions of ethics and virtues as well as their role in politics. Aristotle comes up with a clear distinction between personal virtue and civic virtue and has the conviction that the two are autonomous. Hence, â€Å"it is evident that the good citizen need not of necessity possess the virtue which makes a good man† (Aristotle â€Å"Politics† 54).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli and Aristotle’s idea of virtue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Aristotle, civic virtue is critical to politics and it facilitates in promoting national harmony. On the other hand, Machiavelli takes a different position with respect to ethics and virtue. Unlike Aristotle, Machiavelli does not find virtue to be of great significance. Machiavelli posits, â€Å"Therefore, if a prince wants to maintain his rule, he must be prepared not to be virtuous and to make use of this or not according to need† (65). Machiavelli vs. Aristotle According to Machiavelli, â€Å"if one considers everything well, one will find something appears to be virtue, which if pursued would be one’s ruin, and something else appears to be vice, which if pursued results in one’s security and well-being† (62). Machiavelli uses an empirical approach to explain what entails virtue. He posits that an individual might have limited cognitive abilities and thus can fail to fathom why something is erroneous. On the other hand, things that were once considered virtuous can turn out to be erroneous. In a way, Machiavelli is referring to both authority and self-examination. At times, people fail to acknowledge virtue not due to flaws in their perception, but because they may have been wrongly instruct ed. Consequently, Machiavelli believes that when deciding on what is virtuous, people should not consider only what is ethically right or abide by custom authorities. Machiavelli comes up with a utilitarian understanding of virtue. He claims, â€Å"For something to be a virtue in the moral sense, it cannot seriously compromise our worldly well-being† (Machiavelli 69). In this way, he restricts the scope that moral virtue can cover. One wonders if he accords any significance to moral virtue. Machiavelli considers those leaders that are capable of transforming the world to meet their needs to be virtuous. In addition, he perceives outstanding political skills as virtuous. One of the limitations of Machiavelli’s idea about virtue is that he does not show what virtue really comprises and how one can cultivate it. Both Aristotle and Machiavelli believed that no virtue could come out of ignorance. Machiavelli posits that when one reflects on everything well, s/he can identif y what is virtuous (Machiavelli 62). Hence, one engages in virtuous acts after a thorough deliberation and no one partakes in the acts unconsciously.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Aristotle claims that virtues are temperaments for choice. He holds the conviction that for one to act from virtue, he or she has to determine if his or her undertakings are ethically correct. For one’s intentions to reflect virtue, s/he must proceed with complete awareness of the state of affairs. One cannot proceed out of ignorance. Aristotle asserts that only the premeditated or deliberate actions can be accorded praise. According to Aristotle, virtue trait is neither defective nor excessive (Aristotle â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† 41). He claims that virtue trait does not yield either defective or excessive feelings or actions. Hence, individuals ought to feel and act in line with the mean. Nevertheless, Aristotle posits that it is hard to come up with a definite formula for determining the mean. In its place, virtuous people should depend on morally sensitive views to understand where virtue lies (Aristotle â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† 51). The virtuous people identify and react to the morally significant elements available in varied contexts and modify their intentions and actions accordingly. John McDowell buys to this Aristotelian idea of virtue when he claims that virtue comprises perceptual sensitivity to the ethically pertinent qualities of one’s plight, which is a form of perceptual skill. Aristotle refutes the claim that virtue depends on nature (Aristotle â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† 56). He is against the claim that a person may be born with virtue. For Aristotle, nature subjects people to embrace virtue. Even though habit facilitates in the establishment of virtues, Aristotle holds that a virtue does not comprise a habit. He states that for an individual to nurture a certain virtue, one ought to partake in activities that resemble the virtue (Aristotle â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† 59). Aristotle claims that for a person to develop a sense of justice, s/he should engage in just actions. The habit of engaging in just actions makes one just. Nevertheless, the habit itself does not make one just. By participating in virtuous actions, an individual is acquainted with what right deeds are like. Once he develops the virtue, he can employ the empirical wisdom to work rightly (Aristotle â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† 63). Hence, according to this argument, Aristotle believes that one can acquire virtue, and hence it is not an inherent quality or something given by nature. Political philosophy Due to their divergent ideas regarding virtue, Aristotle and Machiavelli hold different political philosophies. Machiavelli believes that virtue entails doing what one feels is of great b enefit to him or her even though others might suffer from it. He believes in a political system where the leader has absolute powers (Machiavelli 52).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli and Aristotle’s idea of virtue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him, a bad state is one whereby the leader depends on advices from his juniors. Machiavelli believes that for a political system to be stable, one ought to depend on his or her principles and not borrow ideas from other people. He claims that virtues acquired from other people might plunge one to problems when it comes to a point of defending his or her actions (Machiavelli 68). He claims that it is hard for a leader to maintain power if s/he has not acquired it out of his or her virtue. Machiavelli believes that depending on another person’s fortune or will is disastrous to leaders since such will or fortune is unstable. It become s hard for a leader to take full control of his or her subjects given that the leader does not develop the art of commanding (Machiavelli 72). Aristotle holds the belief that political leaders should serve their subjects and not enrich themselves at the subjects’ expense. Based on his perception of virtue, he puts forwards six forms of government. They include tyranny, oligarchy, monarchy, aristocracy, polity, and democracy (Aristotle â€Å"Politics† 58). He compares all the systems of government and castigates the systems that seek to enrich the leader. While democracy bestows power to the public, Aristotle believes that such a government system had adverse effects on the less fortunate in the society. It promotes insecurity, especially if the poor opt to take to the streets seeking to enrich themselves at the expense of the rich (Aristotle â€Å"Politics† 60). Aristotle believes in a political system that promotes sharing of power between the various classes i n society. A system of government like polity ensures an even distribution of power among the poor, middle class, and the rich. Hence, the system fosters a peaceful coexistence in the entire society. Conclusion After analyzing both Aristotle’s and Machiavelli’s ideas, I agree that the two are influential, but in different dimensions. In a bid to identify the correct theorist, I approach the two men from a perspective of an individual that is seeking to determine the most appropriate form of governance suitable for the contemporary world. Aristotle’s views on the objectives of politics, forms of governments, and duties of the public are convincing and they fit well to the contemporary global politics. On the other side, Machiavelli’s views on the role of ethics and virtue in politics appear to be in line with what is actually happening in the contemporary political environment. Nonetheless, this aspect does not imply that according to me, Machiavelli is th e correct theorist. Aristotle is the correct theorist here. Unlike Machiavelli, Aristotle backs all his arguments with real life situations.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, he approaches his arguments from different dimensions and manages to show how one can nurture and practice virtue. On the other hand, Machiavelli fails to back a majority of his arguments with real life situations. Besides, he approaches the idea of virtue from a self-centered approach. Moreover, Machiavelli does not give an account of how one can nurture virtue, thus affecting the credibility of his argument. Concept of Individual Freedom Introduction Rousseau and Mill were political philosophers with interest in understanding what entailed individual freedom. Nevertheless, the two do not share common views regarding individual liberty. Mill perceives individual liberty as freedom of self-control in a mutual context (Mill 11). He focuses on the development of man’s ethical character through psychological, social, and political liberty. Mill believes that everyone in the society is bound by an equal measure of personal freedom. Hence, the main reason why people come together in the society is to ensure that they do not infringe into others’ liberty. In addition, Mill has the conviction that the society works to maintain its advancement and prevent its extermination, by giving room for an open personal expression. On the other hand, Rousseau views individual freedom as comprising of a collective body bound by a general will (Rousseau 3). This paper compares Rousseau’s idea of individual freedom with Mill’s idea. Rousseau vs. Mill According to Mill, a belief is insignificant if it is only approved as a fact without being comprehended by those who embrace it. He elucidates, â€Å"There is only too great a tendency in the best beliefs and practices to degenerate into the mechanical†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mill13). Mill claims that to curb this issue, a belief should be discussed fearlessly, regularly, and completely. Otherwise, people will consider it a dead doctrine. Mill claims that for any truth to apply to an individual, one has to use his or her views and judgment in ascertaining the truth. He believes that the veracity of any opinion makes part of its usefulness and no opinion that is against the truth can be of any use. Consequently, Mill believes that for individuals to trust in any opinion, it has to be of significance to them. Moreover, people are different, and thus truth ought to vary from one person to another (Mill13). Based in these postulations, Mill holds that limiting individual freedom means rendering the entire society inert and inhibiting its progress. Progress comes from allowing individual liberties like personal expression. Allowing individual freedom gives a society a wider range of opinions and ideas to choose from, thus encouraging growth. Conforming to traditions without understanding their values does not facilitate personal development. Consequently, individual freedom is identical to individual growth. Mill claims that when a person values him or herself, s/he is in a better positio n to be of significance to others (Mill15). He asserts that through personal development, an individual develops the entire society. Mill claims that to understand how individual freedom facilitates in social bonding, one ought to understand the interaction between individuals and the state. Mill posits, â€Å"The individual is not accountable to society for its actions in so far as these concern the interests of no person but himself† (21). Besides, individual freedom, just like other freedoms, surpasses all other authorities. Therefore, individuals are allowed an open exercise over them in Mill’s principle. Mill is categorical that the law should not enforce itself, for example on a person acting in a manner criticized by others, since s/he has the ideal liberty to act and bear the cost of his or her actions as long as the actions do not infringe into the freedom of others. The society only takes control of individual freedom if an individual’s actions tend to violate the society’s freedom. Rousseau views the general will as the foundation of freedom, justice, and order in the society (Rousseau 3). He believes that the general will is superior in the manner that it differentiates the will of individuals. The general will cannot wish or injure itself since it comprises people it affects, and thus all its interests are in congruence with the interests of the people. For Rousseau, general will always comes up with decisions that are beneficial to all (Rousseau 4). In addition, it derives its generality from the mutual interests that unite people and not from the number of voices. Hence, popular vote can facilitate in making effective determinations. Rousseau claims that in spite of the general will, every person remains independent. Although the â€Å"general will† determines what is right, individuals have voluntarily opted to embrace it, thus remaining their own masters. More particularly, the common dedication amongst all p eople is such that, â€Å"†¦ in fulfilling it †¦ a man cannot work for others without at the same time working for himself† (Rousseau 5). However, it is hard for an individual to detach himself or herself from the general will. This aspect inhibits individualism, as one has to obey the rules of the general will. The better regime Evaluating the two regimes, one may claim that they both have their benefits and limitations. Although Rousseau’s regime would promote social cohesion as people come together to address common interests, the system would be prone to resistance from its members. In spite of people sharing some common will, they might also have private will that differs with the general will. In such a case, the regime would encounter stiff opposition as people seek to have space to attend to their private will, which in a way might violate the established general will. Moreover, the dedications that bring people together in Rousseau’s regime ar e mandatory only since they are communal. It would be hard for one to leave the social body should he or she cease to share mutual interests with others. In such a case, the affected person would not enjoy his or her freedom since s/he would remain in the group unwillingly. Mill’s regime is better as compared to Rousseau’s regime. The regime not only gives room for personal rights, but also provides the mechanism to safeguard these rights. Such a regime encourages commitment from the society. In a situation where one is not constrained by anything apart from the effects of his actions on others, it is possible for an individual to pursue his or her personal goals without interference. A regime that calls for people to observe mutual interests not only frustrates individual’s effort to pursue personal goals, but also inhibits innovation. Every person works towards improving his or her living standards. Consequently, individuals would be willing to go a step furth er to come up with innovations to help them to pursue their goals. Nevertheless, if people were required to ensure that their innovations are in line with the needs of everyone in the society or a set of regulations agreed upon by the entire society, they would be discouraged from pursuing their goals in fear of violating the established regulations. Without individuality, it is hard to accomplish individual liberty in society. I would rather be a citizen in Mill’s regime. The fact that this regime promotes individuality makes it possible for individuals in the society to uphold social order. In a bid to pursue personal goals, one has to enjoy personal liberty as well as peace. In Mill’s regime, people would work hard to preserve their freedom and avoid infringing into the freedom of others. Hence, such a society would coexist in harmony. Mill’s regime would promote individual freedom, order, and justice. In such an environment, it is possible for an individual to make significant steps towards development. Conclusion Rousseau and Mill present two opposing views about individual liberty. They put forward two regimes that perceive individual liberty in different dimensions. Rousseau’s regime perceives liberty in the form of the general will that brings individuals together to work towards achieving mutual interests. On the other hand, Mill’s regime perceives individual liberty as independent with every person having a set of personal interests and goals. Mill believes that individual freedom brings people together as they seek to come up with measures to make sure that they do not infringe into the freedom of others. The main limitation of Rousseau’s regime is that it is susceptible to opposition from the members due to conflict of interests. Moreover, the regime discourages innovation and individual growth as mutual interests bind all members. On the other hand, Mill’s regime has numerous benefits. The regime al lows individuals to pursue personal interests as long as the interests do not interfere with the freedom of others. Hence, Mill offers a better regime that can foster not only personal growth, but also societal growth. Works Cited Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics, London: Penguin Classics, 2004. Print. Aristotle. The Politics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Print. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince, New York: Hackett Pub Co., 1995. Print. Mill, John. ‘On Liberty’ and Other Writings: Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract, London: Penguin Books, 1968.Print. This essay on Machiavelli and Aristotle’s idea of virtue was written and submitted by user Avianna Hyde to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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The Protagonist Suffers in Horses of the Night †English Essay

The Protagonist Suffers in Horses of the Night – English Essay Free Online Research Papers The Protagonist Suffers in Horses of the Night English Essay In the short story â€Å"Horses of the Night† by Margaret Laurence, The protagonist Chris suffers of depression. Laurence knows how depression disrupts the lives of millions of people and also reduces work productivity. In this short story Chris is able to cope with his depression by doing certain things like pretending he is rich and owns a ranch. A technique Laurence uses to help the reader understand depression is the foreshadowing which occurs many times threw out the story. Chris is able to cope with his depression and have people believe that he is not suffering from depression because he is always happy and â€Å"He always used to seem sohopeful. Even when there was really nothing to be hopeful about. That’s what I find so strange. He seemed hopeful, didn’t you think?† This indicates that Chris learned how to cope and cover up so well that even Vanessa didn’t know he was that depressed. In 23ff it shows that Vanessa never would have guessed that Chris would ever be depressed â€Å"I could not associate the word with Chris†. This shows how strong her disbelief of the fact that Chris could be suffering from depression. Every year over 17 million American adults experience clinical depression. Almost everyone has been depressed or has known someone who suffers depression. I have a friend that suffers from depression. You have to watch what you say around him because it’s hard to know what he’s thinking if he’s happy or if he’s having a rough day. It can be really hard on his family and the people around him that care about him. Depression affects many people. I believe that if you feel that you or someone you know is suffering from depression it’s important to seek help right away before the feelings of hopelessness over power the desire to survive. Research Papers on The Protagonist Suffers in "Horses of the Night" - English EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCapital PunishmentAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Mind TravelTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Scholarship Essay Format

Scholarship Essay Format Scholarship Essay Format Scholarship Essay Format Writing Secrets One thing about a good college education is that you have to pay through your nose for it. This is why scholarship essays are a very good option if you are running short of funds and need to apply for a scholarship. There are millions of dollars that are paid out every year to students who have written brilliant scholarship essays to back up the excellence of their past academic as well as extra curricular achievements. Now you can be one of them. A good scholarship essay needs to be written in the right scholarship essay formatalong with a workable scholarship strategy to get you the scholarship that you so badly need and are dreaming of. Scholarship Strategy Do your homework to find out all the scholarship options that are open to you Ensure that you strictly follow all the directions that have been given on the scholarship essay format Apply for as many scholarships as you can-that way while most get rejected there is a chance that at least one scholarship essay from amongst a couple turns out a winner. Lastly an important part of your scholarship strategy is to always ensure that you have edited and proof-checked your essay after getting constructive feedback from your professor or teachers. Remember that you dont want to lose out on a good opportunity due to a careless spelling error or grammatical mistake Scholarship Essay Format Ideas Stick to the word limit: if you have been asked to write 200 words or less on- why you like the specific course that you are applying for then you definitely do not want to drag it on to two pages,(as this will only get you in to the bad books of the scholarship committee.) Read sample essays of winning scholarship essays: this will give you a good idea of the kind of scholarship essay format that works and what does not. Use standard format: if no directions are specified. A standard scholarship essay formatconsists of three to five paragraphs. Start with an interesting introductory paragraph that spells out your thesis statement, follow this with supporting paragraphs that elaborate on a point each and conclude your essay in the final paragraph. This is an ideal standard scholarship essay formatto follow:http://.com/blog/scholarship-application-essay-writing Related posts: Narrative Essay Expository Essay Argumentative Essay Persuasive Research Paper Argumentative Research Paper Topics

Is Fashion important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Is Fashion important - Essay Example Human nature is such that most people judge others without really caring to know their personality. Just as simple as looking at someone, it is possible to determine if an individual is stylish, neat, trendy, lazy, or disorganized (Evans 32). While one does not need to strive to be perfect every time, basic thought and upkeep into one’s appearance makes a huge difference in how people perceive the individual. Fashion also helps people to be creative. When people create something that they like, which ends up being successful, they feel good about themselves (Kawamura 21). For instance, a person who wears an outfit that he or she has never worn before and is complemented about it will have an increase in self-confidence and self-esteem. This makes the individual more willing to try out new things as he or she knows that it will be appreciated. Once an individual understand that there is no problem with looking different in comparison to the rest of society, they begin to acquire a signature look and style. This makes them less vulnerable to being stressed about their style. They do not feel the pressure of appearing similar as the rest. Through this, people gain confidence in themselves, promoting creativity in their lives and being expressive about

4 best 3d animated films for kids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 best 3d animated films for kids - Essay Example The chief Director of this film is Uri Shizer (Squidoo 2010). This movie was released in 2003 by Pixar Studios and Disney. Its remarkable box office draw kept the movie at the top. The movie is a story of a clown fish and his son, who lost all their family members to thieves leaving them alone in the world. Nemo is caught up by a scuba diver during his first day of school, turning him into a pet in a fish tank that belonged to a dentist. Consequently, Nemo’s father decides to go hunting for him in the ocean, where he happened to meet an absentminded fish called Dory. The story narrates about their encounters and attempts by Nemo to flee from the fish tank (Squidoo 2010). In this film, three strange bedfellows are encountered with, including Diego the saber tooth tiger, Sid the Sloth, and Manny the mammoth. The three accomplices have partnered in an attempt to return a hunter father, his human baby. When Diego, Manny and Sid return, they are joined by another character known as Ellie a mammoth who thinks she is a possum. They seek to flee from their dwelling valley to avoid drowning in case a melting glaciar blocked down. This comedy with great taste has been produced by Pixar Animation Studios. It is a story of a rat that wants to become a chef, but his family looks down upon his ideas. Consequently, Remy finds himself in a sewer, where he wants to meet a youthful cook who is fighting to retain his job. The union of the two makes them the best chefs in Paris. This entertaining movie keeps the funs wondering whether their trick will be discovered. The role of a 3D animation director is to make sure that the vision of the film rhymes with all parts of the production course. This includes the film’s color palette, style, as well as tone. Unlike the directors of live-action films, those of animated movies have high control responsibility. In other words, the directors of animated films are responsible for micromanaging the whole

This reflective essay is centred on pain assessment

This reflective essay is centred on pain assessment For the purpose of the case study I intend to use Gibbs(1998) model of reflection as this model is clear, precise allowing for description, analysis and evaluation of the experience, then prompts the practitioner to formulate an action plan to improve their practice in future(Jasper, 2003). Wilkinson (2007) identifies assessment as the first phase of the nursing process in which a nurse uses their knowledge and skills to express human caring. It is important to choose an organised and systematic approach when caring out an assessment that enhances your ability to discover all the information needed to fully understands someones heath status (Alfaro-Le Fevre,2004) .This can be achieved by obtaining your information form medical record and nursing charts by physical examination of the patient and also talking to patient and their families(Wilkinson,2007). The use of objective data is more helpful in collecting information when the patient is ventilated and sedated, as they are often in the critical care setting, and this can be done by examining the patients vital sign, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and blood results (Bulman and Schutz 2004). I have chosen pain assessment in post- operative ventilated patient. I have worked in ICU for 4 years during this time I have nursed many post- operative ventilator patients who were on continuous infusion of sedatives and analgesics. Many of them showed signs of inadequate pain relief and associated complications. Having undertaken this module I further educated myself in this field of nursing assessment I now know, or rather have an improved knowledge base and understanding of the different aspects of pain assessment tools and recognize the possibility that I have probably nursed many more patients who were demonstrating symptoms of inadequate analgesia and associated complications. Given an increased awareness and knowledge I have gained through teaching, research and current literature on this topic I now, also recognise the importance of this assessment practice in particular in relation to the ventilated, non- communicated patients in ICU. According to International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP,1979) pain is described as unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Clinically pain is whatever the person says he or she is experiencing whenever he or she says it does (Mc Caffery 1979) .Appropriate pain assessment is crucial to pain management. Patients self- report is the gold standard of pain assessment. However pain tools that rely on verbal self-report may not be appropriate for using non- verbal ventilated sedated patients in ICU. Pain assessment tool used in our critical care setting is based on a numerical pain rating score from 0-4, a score of 0 being no pain at all and 4 being the worst pain ever experienced. There is also a visual analogue scale for patients who have difficulty communicating, they can indicate by looking at the chart and pointing at either the happy face that has no pain or a series of faces showing different stages of pain (appendix t hree). These tools were chosen by the specialised pain care nurses working for the trust. The tools are favoured as they provide nurses with a quick, easy assessment. They are used widely throughout the trust to provide continuity of pain assessment.Both of these tools have proved successful in practice and are supported by the literature as being reliable and accurate in practice. However they depend greatly on the patient being able to express themselves or communicate verbally with the practitioner .Using these methods of pain assessment is not accurate on sedated patients with altered conscious level. In nonverbal patients the use of behavioural or physiological indicators are strongly recommended for detection of pain (Jacobi et al 2006). The patient in critical care may experience pain from many sources. Along with physical pain, psychological factors such as fear, anxiety and sleep disturbances may play a significant role in patients overall pain experience (Macintyre and Ready 2002). Urden et al (2010) states, pain can be acute or chronic, sensations are different in relation to its origin. Acute pain-duration is short corresponds to the healing process, ranges between 30 days to 6 months. Chronic pain lasts more than 3 to 6 months and can either or not associated with an illness. Somatic pain is well localised sharp, acute pain arising from skin, muscle, joints. Visceral pain refers to the deep, ill localized arising from an organ. Nociceptive pain occurs when inflammation stimulates pain receptors ( Urden et al 2010). Pain experienced in critical care patients are mostly acute and has multiple origins. Mr. Smith a 45 year old gentleman admitted to ICU following Laparotomy for small bowel perforation and faecal peritonitis. Mr Smith was cardiovascularly unstable and was unable to be extubated immediately after surgery due to secondary sepsis. He was receiving an infusion of Propofol and Fentanyl to keep him comfortable and provide analgesia. His medical notes revealed his past medical history of previous Cholecystectomy for gall bladder stones and biliary obstruction. I was assigned to nurse him on his second day in ICU. During handover the previous staff member reported that Mr. Smith became very agitated and hypertensive soon after he was repositioned to his side. Mr. Smith was given a bolus dose of Propofol infusion and the rate of Infusion increased. Whilst doing the Patient assessment I noticed Mr Smith is restless and not compliant with the ventilator. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) performed which showed Mr. Smith is hypo ventilating. Meanwhile Mr. Smith became more agitated with e scalating non-compliance with ventilator and significant increase in his Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) which was being monitored continuously by the arterial line and transducer. He was showing facial grimaces and moving his extremities restlessly. I tried to reassure him by talking to him, reorientating him to time, place and person, explaining to him that he is safe. Adam and Osbourne (2005) identifies that critically ill patients frequently require help with coping with many of the stresses like physical discomfort, isolation, fear of pain and death. By using strategies like communicate caring and understanding and provide information repeatedly and in sufficient detail for the patient etc. helps the patient to cope with the stress. But repeated reassurance and reorienting has not made any improvements in his current status. Pain is an important problem in critical care and its detection is a priority. Pain assessment is vital to detect pain (Urden 2010). Pooler-Lunse and Price(1992) emphasises that critically ill patients who are unable to communicate effectively are at high risk of suffering from pain. Poorly controlled pain can stress the sympathetic nervous system leaving vulnerable patients at risk of complication and can compromise recovery and negatively affect both morbidity and mortality(Puntillo et al 2004, Dracup and Bryan- Brown 1995).Mr Smith was ventilated and due to the effect of sedatives his level of consciousness was altered. In critical care factors alter verbal communication is mechanical ventilation, administration of sedative agents and the patients change in level of consciousness (Hamill-Ruth R J, Marohn L 1999 ,Kwekkeboom K L, Herr K 2001,Shannon K, Bucknall T 2003). The consequences of untreated acute pain in critically ill patients include increases in catecholamine and stress hormone levels which are potential causes of tachycardia, hypertension, increased oxygen requirements and decreased tissue perfusion (Blakely and Page 2001, Hamill-Ruth and Marohn 1991). Mr Smith was increasingly hypertensive and tachycardia. Despite giving increased oxygenation Mr.Smith was hypo ventilating due to non- compliance to the ventilator. Marshall and Soucy(2003) identifies agitation is a common problem in critically ill patients and has been shown to be associated with inadequate pain management. Agitation can have serious consequences with patience removing access lines compromising their oxygen needs by self extubating (Cohen et al 2002). Following discussion with the nurse in charge of the shift it was apparent that Mr. Smith was showing behavioural signs of pain. There were no other obvious reasons as to why he had become compromised with his ventilation.When I approached the medical team concerning Mr.Smiths increasing agitation and non- compliance to ventilation I was instructed to give a bolus of propofol and fentanyl and to increase the rate of propofol and fentanyl until Mr Smith was deemed medically manageable. I was decided to increase Mr.Smiths ventilatory support. Following the treatment Mr Smith became much more stable, he became less tachypoenic was synchronising with the ventilator; his blood pressure was within acceptable limits and monitoring in sinus rhythm. The clinician did not assess Mr Smith for signs of inadequate pain management. Unfortunately due to hypoventilation and non-compliance to mechanical ventilation, Mr Smith had to be remained on high levels of ventilation and increased levels of sedatives for the next few hours emphasising evidence by Pooler-Lunse and Price(1992), the physiological complications associated with pain including Pulmonary complications and increased cardiac workload as well as depression and anxiety and increased days of hospital stay(Desbians et al 1996).Upon further reflection I should have noted Mr Smiths agitation associated with inadequate pain relief. Had I been knowledgeable in this field Mr.Smiths agitation and physiological signs of restlessness and facial grimaces would have prompted me to carry out a detailed pain assessment. Had there been a behavioural pain assessment scale on the unit where I work that may have prompted me carry out the assessment and linked these signs as indicators of inad equate pain relief. During my further assessment of Mr.Smith I had various thoughts and feelings which included feeling apprehensive and self-doubt regarding the decision to increase sedation and ventilator support. Whilst reviewing his past medication history I noticed that Mr Smith had been on regular analgesics which are co-codomol and paracetamol and there was no indication for their use in his notes. Fink R (2000) recognises that reviewing patients past pain experiences and how did he or she usually react to it can be of good value when assessing pain and can help to decide treatment options ,by questioning patients family or significant other can provide us the information about patients pain history. Later during the visiting hours Mrs Smith came to visit Mr Smith. I have given her a brief update of his condition including the changes made to his sedation and ventilation. Then I enquired to Mrs Smith about the indication of those analgesics he was on .She revealed that Mr.Smith developed back pai n when he discharged to home after undergone cholecystectomy six months ago and he was prescribed those analgesics by his G.P(General Practitioner). She also mentioned that he had problems getting optimal pain relief post operatively even when he had cholecystectomy, and he would not tolerate lying on his sides. This co-related his agitation and restlessness happened when the night staff turned him to his side. I notified these things to the ICU doctors and raised my concern that lack of adequate pain management could be the reason for Mr Smiths earlier agitation. They also agreed on this possibility and advised to change fentanyl infusion to remifentanyl and to adjust the rate of the infusion to keep Mr Smiths pain relief optimal. Remifentanyl is potent analgesics, so ensure the patient is pain free but prevents over sedating the patient, allows rapid arousal and recovery from sedation thus facilitates daily sedation holds and neurological assessment( Dhaba et al 2004). He was also prescribed regular paracetamol and Tramadol when required. It was then decided to reduce Mr.Smiths sedation as he was haemodynamically stable, he was then able to respond and started following commands. Mr. Smith was now able to communicate if he had pain or not by squeezing my hand to command. Invasive technology can restrict the reliance on many behavioural indicators of pain (Bucknall and Shannon 2003) on the other hand it is argued that invasive lines enables constant monitoring of blood pressure (B.P) and heart rate (H.R), two commonly utilised indicators of pain and thus help to assess pain (Bucknall and Shannon 2003) .Even though Mr Smith was hypertensive and tachycardic this was presumed to be due to agitation. In a contradicting statement Bucknall and Shannon(2003) points out that the sympathetic symptoms i.e. Increasing B.P and H.R are also been found to be unreliable. Pooler-Lunse and Price (1992) emphasises that the Para sympathetic stimulation can result in less observable signs with prolonged pain, but pain intensity remains unchanged. The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) recommendations cited in Herr k et al ( 2002) emphasises that vital signs can be affected by other distress conditions, homeostatic changes and medications there for they should not be considered as primary indicators of pain.With conflicting evidence it is difficult to make decisions that best support this assessment practice. Anand K J S,Craig K (1996), Herr K et al (2006) states that behavioural indicators are strongly recommended for pain assessment in non- verbal patients , few tools have been developed and tested in critically ill patients. The Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) are suggested and supported by experts for using uncommunicative critically ill patients (Li-D, Puntillo, Sessler 2008). BPS was tested and validated exclusively in ventilated, unconscious patients (Payen et al 2001,Young G 2006, Aissaoui Y et al 2005).The Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) includes three behaviours 1) facial expression 2)movements of upper limbs3)compliance with the ventilator. Each behaviour is rated on a scale from 1 to 4 for a possible total score from 3 to 12. The BPS can be used quickly (2 to 5 minutes), most clinicians were satisfied with its ease of use (Payen et al 2001). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) was tested in verbal and non- verbal critical ly ill adults (Gelinas C 2006,2007) its content validity supported by ICU experts including nurses and physicians (Gelinas C 2009). CPOT includes four behaviours 1) facial expression 2) body movements 3) compliance with the ventilator 4) muscle tension. Each behaviour is rated from 0 to 2 for a possible score of 0 to 8.Gelinas C and Hammond reports that feasibility and clinical utility of CPOT were positively evaluated by ICU nurses and agree it is easy to complete, simplicity to understand the usefulness for nursing practice. My experience of using a behavioural pain scale tool is limited, however I feel that if practitioners were able to assess pain more accurately then they would be able to manage there patients pain more effectively. Use of a behavioural pain score (BPS) evaluating facial expressions, limb movement and compliance with the ventilator has proved to be a valid reliable tool in practice. A recent study evaluating the reliability and use of the BPS consistently identified increases in pain scores after repositioning patients in the ICU. There were only small non- specific changes in the BPS after non painful intervention of eye care (Gelinas etal 2006). I nursed Mr Smith again 5 days later. He had since been extubated and was alert and oriented. Even though he could not remember the events when he was ventilated and sedated, he learned from his wife what had happened. He was very thankful to me for investigating the possible reason for his agitated behaviour and prompting the doctors about this and thus provide him adequate pain relief. Upon further reflection and evaluation of my assessment of Mr.Smith I feel there have been positive and negative aspects of the assessment. The positive aspects include- I have been able to gain further knowledge in various aspects and tools of pain assessment .By reviewing patients medical notes and gaining history from his wife I have linked his agitated behaviour and taken the possibility that these are signs of inadequate pain relief and I have managed to convince the medical team regarding this in order to act on it. Current research identifies multidisciplinary collaboration provides optimum care for the patient (Bucknall T, Shannon K 2003), this emphasises the need to perform regular, accurate pain assessment and care full documentation (Bucknall T, Shannon K 2003). When considering the negative aspects of my assessment I feel I did not use a holistic approach instead I considered Mr.Smiths agitated behaviour as a physical problem, I was concentrated to treat the symptoms and not the patient. As described in Roper Tinney L(1989) assessment tools achieving patient centred nursing is important. I could not identify Mr.Smiths behavioural indicators of pain primarily due to my lack of knowledge about this assessment tool as well as there was no unit assessment protocol which includes the behavioural assessment scale, Unfortunately this is not isolated, it is in fact a universal problem .Camp (1998) points out that like many speciality nurse critical care nurses and physicians recognises that there basics education was insufficient for caring for patients in pain. Accurate detection of the critically ill patients pain is not an easy task for ICU nurses especially when the patient is unable to self-report because of mechanical ventilation or due to the effects of sedatives. Stanton (1991) argues that pain assessment and management may be significantly improved by enhancing nurses knowledge combined with improved communication of the problem. NMC(2008)emphasises that having appropriate knowledge, skills and attitude towards pain, pain assessment and its management is essential to provide optimum patient care. Use of pain assessment tools is highly recommended by Kaiser(1992), identifies that an effective pain assessment tool as part of the documentation improves communication between patients and nurses as well as nurses and medical staff. Even though we had a pain assessment tool (0 to 4 numeric pain assessment scale) due its limitations on the use in non-communicative patients it was not contributing much in patients pain management. The previous practitioner documented the patients pain score is Unable to assess as the patient is sedated and ventilated. This highlights the inappropriate use of our pain tool currently being used in practice as a patient is unable to verbalise or communicate their pain if they are sedated and ventilated. Although todays guidelines strongly suggest that the use of a standardised behavioural pain scale to nurses who care for uncommunicative patients, further research is still needed to fully understand the behavioural and physiological responses of critica lly ill patients who are experiencing pain (Herr K et al 2008). On reflection my underpinning knowledge and confidence in this area of assessment has developed tremendously. I feel that I have gained knowledge and insight into an important patient assessment, from an initial lack of sufficient knowledge I am now able to bring evidence based practice in the clinical area which will benefit the patient and my colleagues. By understanding the physiology, pain assessment tools and the complications of poorly managed pain, I will have the knowledge and skills to manage these patients. The use of sedatives and analgesics places a great deal of responsibility on critical care nurses and they must understand how the drugs work , complications of their use and how to monitor effectiveness staff must understand sedation does not equate analgesia (Ashley and Given 2003). The use of an appropriate pain assessment tool and management algorithm is essential for adequate pain management. Since undertaking this study, it is of interest to note that our practice development nurse and the specialist pain nurse for ICU ,have jointly developed a behavioural pain assessment scale similar to the BPS and CPOT scale, and staffs are encouraged to use it routinely. I feel that my action plan and recommendations are to promote the use of the pain assessment tool by educating the nurses and emphasising the importance of this assessment to improve patient outcome. The need for education to train staff on how to use the tool would take both time and money. The NHS is already under extreme financial pressures and money for training is not readily available. However if an improvement in pain management was successful then patients stay may be shorter, thus having a beneficial effect. I am also aware of the importance of not relying solely on the assessment tools but the use of both good nursing assessment and assessment tools to improve optimal patient management, shortening the recovery time and reducing the likely hood of complications (Ashley and Given 2003). A sedated, ventilated, non-communicative patient is vulnerable and relies completely on those providing care for them but as to their family at this anxious time. Education and training will improve patient care and ultimately patient safety which is paramount. Therefore I will take the knowledge and information I have acquired back to my clinical area as I have a duty to provide a high standard of practise and care at all times (NMC 2008)

Sports Event in School

Sport events in our school Sports are very important in everyone’s life as they give pleasure, health, discipline, happiness, self-control and sporting spirit. Sports can learn students’ physical co-ordination and social lessons about winning and losing. There is a well-known proverb â€Å"All works and no play make Jack a dull boy†. It is full of wisdom. After the day’s work in class, students need some healthy recreation to refresh their minds. Education without sports is really incomplete. So, sports are important in every school for clever and healthy students.They are several kinds of sports some are outdoor and some are indoor. In our school, the schoolboys play football, volleyball, basketball, table -tennis, chess, and so on. The school playground is no less important than the school lessons. It is on the playground that we learn to face defeat with a smiling face. So, the school playground helps the students to fight the battle of life like brave soldiers and heroes. Our school has two playgrounds to play football and two for playing basketball. There will be tournaments to play football in every Grade from Grade-4 to Grade-11.There is an each team in every section and so if there are six sections in Grade-9, there will be six teams and a tournament is held until there are two teams to pay the final match. All schoolboys look active and alert with their team track-suit. There are also tournaments to play each sport. Teachers in charge will take care of their pupils in playground during tournament. They give them fresh limes and purified drinking water. The red-cross schoolboys and teachers are ready to help the injured players. The Headmaster will give the prize to the winners and the champion team who gets the first prize will take a group photograph.In January, there are interschool sports competitions that include track and field sports such as running, jumping and throwing events. The running events are sprints, middle d istance races, long distance races, hurdle and relay races. The jumping events are high jump and pole vault. The throwing events are short put, discus and javelin. Team sports can be played by two teams. A team has been organized with some players. They must have team-spirit and they fight the rival team collectively. Thus team sports make one less selfish. They know the value of team work and playing together makes them friendlier.A player must have stamina and be patient. He must not easily down-hearted. If the players of one team become excited, they may lose their chance. The carelessness of one may make the team defeated. So, players are inspired team-spirit by playing team sports. A true sportsman never thinks of winning the sports by hook or by crook. He never wins victory by foul play and we know that â€Å"Honesty is the best policy†. So team sports are essential to health, happiness, progress and unity. We gain a lot of benefits from playing sport events and student s should take part in these sport events.

Divergent by Veronica Roth Essay - 606 Words

There are many great leaders in the world today, though many don’t know what it is that makes them great leaders. In the novel Divergent, by Veronica Roth, leadership is not just shown through the main protagonist, but also through the other characters. Four is a character in the book that possesses great leadership skills. He’s dependable and provides good advice, especially to Tris who gets in a lot of troublesome situations. The qualities that make a successful leader are keeping a level head, and being ready to protect other individuals around you no matter what it may cost you. The ability to keep a level head is necessary in order to become a successful leader. For example, in chapter 16 of Divergent, Tris consoles Edward after he†¦show more content†¦In order to be a successful leader, one must be ready to give or do anything to ensure the safety of others. For instance, in chapter 13, Tris takes Al’s place when he has to stand at the target and l et knives get thrown at him. â€Å"The last thing I want to do is stand in front of that target, but I can’t back don now.†(Roth 208). Even though Tris was reluctant about taking Al’s place, she showed good leadership skills by risking her own life to save someone else’s. Another great example of this is in chapter 25.†I dart in front of him and the belt cracks against my wrist, wrapping around it.†(Roth 412) In this quote Tris takes Tobias’s place during his fear landscape. She does it to protect him, though she could have just stood there and let him get hit. She quickly reacts and sacrifices herself, she as ready to do anything to protect him. These things are done often by world leaders; they have to be prepared to protect others. Though possessing this quality sounds dangerous it is very important for a successful leader to have. They are the people others look up to and expect to keep them from harm. Sometimes to protect others wo rld leaders have to throw their own lives on the line, even if it could mean the end of them. Many great leaders’ today possess qualities that make them successful leaders, such as keeping calm, or being ready to protect others. Being able to stay calm in a situation is a majorShow MoreRelatedDivergent by Veronica Roth785 Words   |  3 PagesDivergent, by author Veronica Roth, is noted on the New York Bestseller list. It is the first book in the trilogy series of novels for young adults that further expands the look and feel of the dystopian genre in young adult fiction. It has a feeling similar in comparison to the book Hunger Games and The Maze Runner yet it has many differences. Divergent looks more into the personality of its characters from the inside and the resulting struggles they deal with when figuring out their identitiesRead MoreDivergent, By Veronica Roth845 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Divergent†, by Veronica Roth is a compelling adventure/dramatic no vel. Published in 2011, Divergent is one out of a series of three books. It shines a light on Beatrice Prior’s life, and the decisions she makes throughout the story. I thoroughly enjoyed this novel and ended up reading it twice. Divergent would be a great choice for someone who enjoys adventurous stories with many plot twists. The main characters are an important part of the story, as the book revolves around the decisionsRead MoreDivergent Trilogy by Veronica Roth1030 Words   |  4 PagesDystopian novels from any time period have very similar themes. The novels of the Divergent trilogy by Veronica Roth and 1984 by George Orwell develop character individuality by using oppressive governments. 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Abnegation values selflessness, but Beatrice doesn’t feel like she is selfless. She decides to change to the faction of Dauntless, who values courage. Beatrice has to do things like jump off trains, and fight people to show she is courageousRead MoreThe Distopian Novel Divergent, by Veronica Roth Essay567 Words   |  3 PagesHow is Tris Divergent? Have you ever wondered how life would be like if society was divided into five factions, each dedicated to the cultivation of a particular virtue ? What if you were different and did not belong in any of the given factions? Then you are a lot like Tris. Tris Prior is the main character in the dystopian novel Divergent, by Veronica Roth. She lives in a world where she must hide her true uniqueness as a Divergent individual, otherwise she puts her life at risk. Triss aptitude

Essay about Breast Cancer Speech Outline - 991 Words

Topic: Breast Cancer Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about breast cancer Pattern of Organization: Topical Order I. INTRODUCTION: A. Attention Grabber: I’m sure many of you know of or have heard of Giuliana Rancic. Well if not, she is a news anchor for the tv channel E! and often co-hosts red carpet events such as the Golden Globes and the Academy Awards. Giuliana is a very busy and successful woman and on top of everything that she juggles, last October she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Soon after finding out that Giuliana had cancer, she underwent a lumpectomy, which was unsuccessful in getting rid of all the cancer cells. Following that she was faced with a very painful surgery called a double mastectomy along†¦show more content†¦[Transition: Now that you have an idea of what breast cancer is and how common it is, I will tell you some options in early detection and diagnosis.] B. Main Point 2: Early detection with breast cancer can be the difference between mild or harsh treatments and even often times life or death. 1. There are many types of breast exams that can be preformed: Clinical exams, self-exams at home and the most effective exam would be a mammogram. 2. Since breast cancer is more common in older women, it is encouraged to have a routine check-up starting at age 40, however if it runs in your family it can be promoted at as young of an age as 25. [Transition: I’ve explained why it is important to detect early signs of breast cancer, now I’m going to tell you some of the procedures and treatment that are preformed after being diagnosed.] C. Main Point 3: Depending on the stage of cancer, treatments can vary. I will be telling you a few important facts provided by NationalBreastCancer.org to know going into treatments and also the different types. 1. One of the most important factors in treatments is finding a doctor that you can feel comfortable around and satisfied with in terms of his/her opinion. This is because cancer is such an emotional process and you want to be able to feel personable with your doctor. 2. Standard treatments and Clinical trials are both usedShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Outline-Kab Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform Students about The Keep-A-Breast Organization Central Idea: I’d like to inform students about The History of Keep-A-Breast Organization, Who the Keep-A-Breast Organization is, and how they get young adults interested in Prevention of Breast Cancer. Introduction I. Breast CancerRead MoreBetty Ford and Her Time in Office1786 Words   |  7 Pagesliberated women and to embrace many socially taboo issues with openness. 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