Repressed Memories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Repressed Memories - Research Paper Example For example, an undesirable thought may interfere with day-today work, causes anxiety, loss of sleep, or simply it is annoying. In the extreme cases, potential suppressors are the victims of physical, verbal, or sexual abuse, or have visions of a loved one dying, that may cause impairments in all aspects of the experiencer’s life. This motivated forgetting comes in two forms: unconscious, as in the controversial and contentious repressed memory literature, and conscious, as in the attempted suppression of undesirable thoughts (Bjork, Bjork, & Anderson, 1998). Controversy surrounding the concept of repression and the recovery of repressed memories has been brought to the forefront of recent literature. Jurors are being faced with the difficult task of evaluating testimony from alleged victims claiming to have recovered previously forgotten memories of childhood sexual abuse. The role of jury members is to determine the innocence or guilt of the accused - a task which is particularly difficult given that the events in question have typically taken place many years previously. Unfortunately, such cases are also characterized by a lack of evidence, aside from the testimonial accounts of the alleged victim and the accused. A recovered memory is one which is suppressed or forgotten for a period of time and then later recalled. In order to further our understanding of recovered memories, a review of why individuals forget is warranted. There are currently four prominent explanations behind why people might seem to forget and then later recall traumatic events: 1) ordinary forgetting, 2) false memories, 3) dissociation, and 4) repression. Loftus, Gary, and Feldman (1994) suggest that memory of traumatic events may be no different from memory of regular events. Therefore, one would expect the process of forgetting to be the same, resulting from normal processes such as interference and decay. As noted by Brewin and Andrews (1998),

Audio-visual Synergy and Opposition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Audio-visual Synergy and Opposition - Essay Example This essay "Audio-visual Synergy and Opposition" outlines the function of music in movies and advertisements and how it developed with times. Music has accompanied image since the times of ancient Greece, when plays and tableaus were accompanied by music, even when dance was not involved. It set the mood, and warned people what to expect. This would increase enjoyment as it increased the audience’s sensory experience. We have an affinity for image combined with music; hence the development of opera, ballet and musical comedy as highly appreciated art forms. Music videos are the most recent development in this genre. The similarities among these are that each contains music, image and text to varying degrees of balance. Opera is story first told with the all important music which carries the text. Ballet is story told via music and dance. Musical comedy is mostly story with the heightened experience of music and dance accompaniment. Music video is mostly music and text (the lyr ics) which create story to be followed by the images which are filmed. However, the text is the lyrics and story may be minimal or missing entirely. Opera is the most balanced form with constant music. Ballet has minimal text except as expressed by music and dance. Musical comedy is more text than the other elements, which are used to enhance the story. Modern musical plays, such as Les Miserables and Cats have almost equal balance to opera. Music videos, on the other hand, are all about the music with imagery and text used to enhance the musical experience.

Extraction of GAPDH Gene from Grass Species

Extraction of GAPDH Gene from Grass Species The extraction of the GAPDH gene from grass species, for sequencing, to determine which grasses will be most suitable for the stimulation of hydrocarbon-degradation Introduction: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate gehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) is a house keeping gene for a crucial enzyme which catalyses an important step in glycolysis, found in all phylogeny. This gene can be extracted and isolated from plant gDNA through the use of PCR. Once cloned, the GAPDH gene will be sequenced and ultimately analysed through bioinformatics for further research. The grasses that will be investigated throughout this experiment are as follows. Cymbopogon Ambiguous, also commonly known as lemon scented grass, mainly grows in NSW, QLD, NT and WA. This grass is a tufted perennial, which has thin dark green coloured leaves, growing 60-100cm tall approximately. As the common name for this grass states, when this grass is crushed it gives off a distinct lemon smell, allowing it to be easily identified. This grass is also quite a hardy grass, it is very tolerant to wind, drought and frost conditions, allowing it to be grown in a variety of different areas. Themeda Triandra, known as Kangaroo Grass is native to Australia, found to be growing in every state and territory (Unkown, n.d. Native Seeds). This grass is a tufted perennial, growing up to 1.5 m tall and 0.5 m wide. This particular grass is quite coarse, with a grey/green leaves, which produce a very distinct red/brown spikelets (Jennifer Liles, 2004) with the head containing the seeds. Themeda Triandra is considered a good grass for occasional grazing; however it does not tolerate heavy or continuous grazing. Meaning it can be a good indicator for the level of animal activity in a certain grassland area, as if grazed too frequently, the grass has been known to disappear, and not re-grow. Dicantheum Carrisium, known as Queensland Blue Grass is a native Australian Grass, grown not only in Queensland, but all parts of Australia. This Grass was originally very popular in Southern Queensland, due to its optimum performance in the weather conditions of the area. Dicantheum Carrisium is a perennial, with an upright tufted appearance. Growing from 30-80cm tall, and 10-15cm wide with flat broad leaves, It is quite a soft texture with typically blue/dark green colour, making it quite distinguishable from many other grasses. Microlaena Stipoides, known as Weeping Grass, is native to Australia and is found in many of the damper regions from Cape York Town to Tasmania (Unknown, n.d. Native Seeds). Microlaena Stopoides is a slowly spreading perennial, growing to approximately 70cm tall, with weeping seed heads. This is a very tough and tolerant grass, suited to many different pH soil levels

Carl Gustav Jung Essay -- Biographies Research Psychology Essays

Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called "Symbols of Transformation." Jung disagreed with Freud's fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his "Psychological Types," a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, "P sychology and Alchemy," published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of "The three levels of the mind" (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, an... ...a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one's ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. Works Cited: Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno's intrahistoria and Jung's collective unconscious: parallels,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung's theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of Humanistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology, 36, 61-92. Carl Gustav Jung Essay -- Biographies Research Psychology Essays Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called "Symbols of Transformation." Jung disagreed with Freud's fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his "Psychological Types," a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, "P sychology and Alchemy," published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of "The three levels of the mind" (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, an... ...a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one's ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. Works Cited: Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno's intrahistoria and Jung's collective unconscious: parallels,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung's theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of Humanistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology, 36, 61-92.

Compare and Contrast Two Works of Art

Anthony Arteaga Art History Ancient World Homework Assignment #1 Compare and contrast the subject, concept, and the Formal Element of the two works of art. Also, explain which category this work falls in. The two pieces I have chosen can be found on page 200, figure 6-51, Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrian’s Villa and on page 434, figure 14-8, Battle of the Bird and Serpent. Not only did I choose these pieces for their beauty, but also because both works have similar yet different subjects, concepts, and formal elements. Both of these images have subject matter that is the same even though they’re different.The subjects for the Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrian’s Villa are animals; centaurs (male and female), tiger, lion, cheetah; as well as a pelt and rocky scenery. The subjects for Battle of the Bird and the Serpent are animals; peacock, a serpent, and birds in an acorn tree. Both pieces are nature based animals that live in a world w here survival of the fittest is reality. The main difference between piece one and two is that in piece one; centaurs are mythological creatures and in piece two the animals are not fictional.Both pieces have subjects that are the same; however their concepts can be perceived as similar but different. Both pieces have themes that can be perceived as alike. The first image is a male centaur raising a boulder over his head to crush a tiger that has severely wounded a female centaur. The pelt around his arm suggests he returned from a hunting expedition to find his loved one, either lover or sibling, critically wounded by three other beasts and his facial expression is that of concern, instead of rage or fury. The concepts in this battle scene are protection, rescue, vengeance, self-defense, and/or survival.I use the word survival because the three feline beasts are animals that need to eat as well. They need to eat like all animals and if there is no prey, then there is no food to sur vive. The second piece is a peacock holding a dead serpent in its beak. The concepts in this piece are battle, victory, triumph, and dominance, when one creature overcomes another. Our textbook says that this scene is an allegory for Christ (peacock) tricking and overcoming Satan (serpent). The peacock has an expression of being removed to the outcome of the battle. Even though both pieces are about battle and bloodshed; there are differences in the concept.In the first piece the male centaur is the favored winner of the fight, because of his size, blunt weapon, and his element of surprise. But regardless the outcome, he already lost when the female centaur was killed. Whether he kills or is killed by the remaining felines, the female is gone and he can’t bring her back. Unlike the second piece where there is an established winner and loser. Now that I’ve discussed the concepts of these two pieces, I’d like to talk about their formal elements. The formal element s are certain elements that are used to describe the subject or image.The elements are shape, texture, line, color, space, and values. The shapes in piece one can be found in the background as geometric shapes. There is a triangular stone in one corner and a flat rectangular stone in the opposite corner. A cheetah is mounted on a cube, ready to pounce. The boulder the centaur holds over his head is rectangular block. The scenery is mostly rigid shapes but the subjects have curves in their tails and muscle tone. The shapes in the second piece can vary. In the peacocks wing, body, thigh, and tail you can see a closed tear- drop shape.There is a row of white circles on the bird’s neck and two rows of white circles on its wing. The tail has a leaf pattern that matches the leaves on the acorn tree. The serpent has a circular pattern on its belly and a scaly pattern on its backside. There are geometric shapes in both pieces; however, the geometric shapes are primarily secluded to t he background in piece one and is inside the subject’s body in piece two. In piece two, the shape in the peacock’s tail and snake’s body is organic. Also, the shapes in the background are fuzzier and assumed in piece one where the shapes in piece two are sharper and more defined.Another formal element is texture. The first piece, according to the text, is a floor mosaic which is composed of many colored tesserae that were laid down in irregular, curving lines, which effectively imitated painted brushstrokes. The individual tiles are more apparent when viewed closely. This gives the piece a grainy and earthy texture, where it physically looks bumpy. The textbook says it has foreshortening, the illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into space.The second piece was drawn with tempera on parchment. This makes the piece look smooth, flat, and two dimensional. The next element is color. The hues in both piec es are relatively earth toned. Both pieces have a low level of saturation. In piece one, the sky is mustard brown with a section of mint green that frames the boulder that the male centaur is holding. The rocky scenery has browns and creams with a dull green and brown center. A bright green patch of pine trees is in the corner that contrasts with the sky and rocks.The colors to the second piece are similar in the sense that it has low saturation. The colors are dull and warm. This piece utilizes reds and oranges, in the serpent, that the first piece does not. Because of the tan background, the green in the peacock’s body emboldens the subject. The brown around its tail compliment the blue inside the tail. Lines are another element that’s used. The lines in the first piece, which are made of many tiny lines and squares, are jagged and sharp. The sky and earth are divided by a jagged rocky background and the same can be said about the foreground.This creates a stage for the battle. There are jagged lines in the sky that frames the boulder being held. This piece has no physical lines that separate the body and background, which makes it look three dimensional. In the second piece, the acorn tree is a line (with branches) that adds to the images depth. There are lines inside the wing, beak, and talons. There is also a dividing line in both the serpent and in the body of the peacock. The physical lines in this piece separate the subjects and background making it look two dimensional and flat.Both pieces use lines to accentuate the subjects but the first piece has lines that are realistic and the second piece uses lines as borders for the subjects which makes it look more animated and less real. The next element that artists will use is space. The first piece has a female centaur lying on the ground with a tiger sprawled over her back end. Male centaur is looming over tiger with the dead lion behind him, both their legs overlapping, which also creates a three dimensional effect. A cheetah is on a cube in the background ready to pounce. The jagged foreground creates an illusion of a cliffs edge.In the second piece, the acorn tree is crucial for establishing where the subject lies, giving it it’s depth. The serpent is hanging from the peacock’s beak and coils beneath the bird. If the acorn tree was gone then the snake would appear to be free falling in empty space. Both pieces have uses depth, but the first piece appears to be more three dimensional where the second piece appears flat. The final element artists will use is value. The first piece has a dark to light value in the rocky scenery and in the shading in the animals, which also adds to its three dimensions.The second piece has a dark subject value and light background which contrasts each other. The body of the peacock has a darker green hue but is uniform; there is no change in value in the subject. Both pieces have a dark to light value, but the first piece has variation of shades from one side of the piece to the other and within the subjects themselves. The second piece has dark subjects and a light background. Now that we’ve discussed the formal elements, the last topic is which category these two pieces are classified as.Certain works of art can be classified as representational, abstraction, and non-objective. The first piece is representational with an abstract background. Because of its hues, shapes, and shading; the subjects are portrayed as three dimensional and proportional. Even though a centaur is fictional, it still looks realistic. However, the background’s contours and colors are vague making it more abstract. The second piece is abstraction because of its flat appearance, its bold colors, and the shape of the subject’s eyes, wings, and tail.The patterns in and around the tail and in the body also adds to its abstraction. The tree in the foreground does not look natural and the birds on the branches are unrealistic. I’ve compared and contrasted the subjects, concepts, and the Formal Elements of two works of art. Also, I explained which category this work falls in. The two pieces I chose is Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrian’s Villa and Battle of the Bird and Serpent. Both of these pieces have subject matter that can be compared similarly even though they’re different.

Yesterday: the Color Purple and Welcome Table

For my week one assignment I choose to write about â€Å"The Welcome Table† (Walker, A) 1970. What first captured my interest in this short story was a poem listed before the story, the poem was called â€Å"For my sister Clara Ward† by (Walker, A) 1970 â€Å"I’m going to sit at the Welcome table, Shout my troubles over, Walk and talk with Jesus, Tell God how you treat me, One of these days! † This short story and poem reminds me of going to church with my great grandmother and grandmother. At that time I didn’t realize how precious it was to have them around.I took for granted having dinner every Sunday after church with those two wonderful ladies, sometime we would have conversations about Jesus and life for hours and hours as we sat around the table. Today I wish they were still here to help guide me through hard times. I find myself walking with my eyes closed listening for their voices for some kind of spiritual direction. Reading â€Å"The We lcome Table† allowed my mind to connect with my imagination to what Alice Walker was expressing to the world, and to the readers.The story focuses on an elderly woman’s life, and after she had worked for many years in many different households, she knew her life was soon coming to an end. Though she felt her life would soon be over her inspiration and focus was looking forward to having a talk with Jesus at the welcome table.The welcome table I believe is a metaphor for when she reaches heaven, she will be able to talk with her savior. In her final days she choose to attend a church to worship and praise Jesus, unfortunately because she was  unfamiliar to the parishioners of the church she was not allowed to continue her worship and she was escorted out of the church, from there the author tells how this elderly woman walked away with her head up and eventually on her journey met with the Lord and he took her home. I was asked to describe one of the analytical approac hes outlined in Chapter 16, using details from the text to support your interpretations. I chose to use a formalist approach in my critical essay.1- The setting for is short story was based on inter-racial issues from a moral and spiritual perspective. It reminds me of my great grandmother and grandmother telling me stories about their participation in some civil right demonstrations, how they have to drink water, shop for food and household supplies and praise God in certain section of the town that they both were raised in. I was always told you must stand for something or you’ll fall for anything.No matter what happen to the women in the story, her faith like Job, no matter what happen she praised God till the very end. That’s what made this story so memorable. 2- The author made this story intriguing from start to finish. I knew what was going on, but was still surprise at the Christians and the way they handle her. 3- The Welcome Table was well described and devel oped. It seems like it was based from the same small town in the movie â€Å"The Color Purple† which was also written Alice Walker, who was best known for this Pulitzer Prize winning novel â€Å"The Color Purple†.4- The author had to use some figurative language to set the back drop and to set the mood to reveal the era of the story. It was based in Georgia. You can tell that the town was still segregated and no real harm came to the women because of her age. 5- My point of view was her skin was a pale gray from working in extreme Georgia weather picking cotton, many years she worked also as a cook, chauffeur, and maid some might say mistress.The only pleasure in life that was left was going to church to thank God for keeping her through all the hard times. â€Å"Many at the church saw this as the beginning of the end of the sanctuary of Christian worship. Saw the desecration of Holy Church, and saw an invasion of privacy, which they struggled to believe they still ke pt† (Walker, A) 1970. Surprisingly enough this elderly woman was escorted by force out of the church building and into the presence of Jesus.

Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain Essays - Lead Guitarists, Courtney Love

Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain Essays - Lead Guitarists, Courtney Love Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain History has always been marked by great music. Every generation has its own unique genre; from classical to swing, people have always found a song or a melody that seemed as if it was written just for them. However, truly great music is created by a certain type of genius. It takes more than the average guy to forge a classic like Stairway to Heaven. Two men in the late twentieth century were such masterminds: Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain. While both will live forever in musical infamy, they will remain legends for different reasons. One of the most important factors in becoming a rock legend is bringing about a revolution, opening people to something bold and new. Kurt Cobain, along with his band, Nirvana, changed rock music forever. In a time when music was becoming mass-produced, emotionless muck, Cobain brought about something that was repulsively beautiful and alive. He introduced grunge rock to the world: music filled with screaming distortion, tremendous angst, and overwhelming passion rarely seen from the generation that invented the term whatever. Nevertheless, let us not forget a similar revolution, which took place over a decade earlier. In an era when hippies wandered free and drugs were just mind expanding, another such musical phenomenon occurred. A young black man caught the ear of millions with his awe-inspiring guitar tunes. This man was Jimi Hendrix. Unlike Cobain, Hendrix wrote music to support and inspire his followers, as opposed to creating a method of shock treatment through music. Hendrix created brilliant melodies along with lyrics that touched the hearts of all who would listen. One habit that both musicians shared was the ability to excite and invigorate listeners, especially live audiences. Cobain had the ability to make thousands of slackers stand up and scream for more. Throughout his many tours, Cobain always arrived to a packed venue filled with fans, many of which had probably spent the night in line waiting for tickets and the chance to see something momentous. Hendrixs career consisted of more festival type tours, where he was allowed to reach a wider variety of listeners, while still holding the faith of his steadfast fans. Hendrix had a particular talent for playing the guitar. He would delight and thrill onlookers by playing with his toes or his teeth, or while spinning around on the ground. Both were great performers who knew how to put on a show. Their greatest common characteristic was in how they ended the performance; they would completely trash the stage from which they played. Smashing guitars, tipping drum sets, and even setting fire to t he instruments were some their memorable methods of concluding a performance. These great musicians were also great lyricists. Both have songs which remain on the top countdowns to this day, although Hendrix died almost 20 years ago and Cobain passed in 1994. Cobain left a legacy of haunting tunes such as Come As You Are, Polly, and Heart Shaped Box. Kurt used the pain from a broken family and a painful life to give birth to remarkable songs, which allowed so many disillusioned teens to find a kin spirit in his words. Hendrix also composed many amazing pieces, such as The Wind Cries Mary, All Along the Watchtower, and Purple Haze. His music held enthusiasm and a fire rarely seen in such a form. Although they both had numerous great hits, both had one great song that would characterize their music careers forever. For Jimi Hendrix, it was his guitar interpretation of the National Anthem, while Cobains was his first hit Smells Like Teen Spirit. These great men helped shape our culture and gave the youth of their time something to believe in, someone who knew how it felt, and someone to give them hope. Jimi Hendrix taught people that great music comes in all different forms. Whether its a soft rhapsody or a devilish guitar tune, music is what drives us. Kurt Cobain failed to teach us anything, but he did wake up a sleepy generation. He inspired millions of kids to go out and start their own garage bands, but most importantly his music related to them. The lyrics from his most popular song describe

K dawg and the heads essays

K dawg and the heads essays I want you to understand that there was nothing exactly profitable in these heads being there. They only showed that Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts, that there was something wanting in him-some small matter which, when the pressing need arose, could not be found under his magnificent eloquence. Direct-Connect to the storyline/plot: This quote displays the opinion that Kurtzs own world, in which darkness rages, is not controlled by method or reason, but really by impulse and lusts. Cutting peoples heads off had no real purpose for Kurtz and the other villagers except that it satisfied his dark needs. This probably aided in the upkeep of his god like image to the natives. Normal individuals would not have simply cut off the heads of people because they felt like it. This quote ties into the impulse that described in murderers. Murderers describe a feeling of impulse that they have never experienced before when they end up killing someone. People who go on killing sprees exhibit these same qualities, being able to control themselves except for when an urge comes on and they viciously murder someone. People exhibit these traits of inescapable darkness in the real word as Kurtz does in Heart of Darkness. I have experienced times of rage, but not in the magnitude to kill someone. They are simply when someone angers me so much that I feel that I must act and stop it. ...

Arbitration Dispute Settlement Procedure

Discuss About The Arbitration Dispute Settlement Procedure? Arbitration is the dispute settlement procedure where the impartial party (Arbitrator) is selected to study a case as well as hear both sides of the party so as to arrive at agreement; some of its features include law ; Mediation is the process where a mediator facilitates dialogue in a multi-stage manner to help both parties reach a conclusion plus satisfactory agreement. Its features include; Blain, N., Goodman, J., & Loewenberg, J. (1987). Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration-An International Comparison of Australia, Great Britain and the United States. Int'l Lab. Rev., 126, 179. Cooley, J. W. (1985). Arbitration vs. mediation-explaining the differences. Judicature, 69, 263. Fisher, R. J., & Keashly, L. (1991). The potential complementarity of mediation and consultation within a contingency model of third party intervention. Journal of Peace finanacial Research, 28(1), 29-42. Sgubini, A., Prieditis, M., & Marighetto, A. (2004). Arbitration, Mediation and Conciliation: differences and similarities from an International and Italian business perspective.

Written Business Communication (Assignment #3A) Assignment

Written Business Communication ( #3A) - Assignment Example The reader might follow the instructions if things were forced on them, but they would not do it whole-heartedly. The employees should, therefore, be treated with the utmost respect, so as to uphold a mutually beneficial working environment. This message will be received with mixed emotions; some people may seize the opportunity to know their well-being while others may ignore the whole exercise all together. However, highlighting the benefits, the necessity and incentives for taking the blood test will move the doubters and cynics to take the blood tests. Some of the readers might not book appointments at first, but when they see their fellow colleagues making the appointments, they will definitely join in the exercise. The best pattern of organization of this message is that of an internal memo. This is because not all people look at their emails on time. The memo will be easily visible to all employees through the internal information systems. However, the best pattern of organization of the reader response is through email. This is because emails are faster, and convenient for the human resource since they constantly communicate through emails. It is a company’s attention that most, if not a few of the employees are reluctant with regards to the blood test exercises that the company seeks to carry out on its employees; It is evident that most of you find this exercise as an invasion of privacy, and probably an infringement of personal rights. Due to the above mentioned reason, company has decided to make this a voluntary exercise for you. However, it is important to bring out some facts and figures about the blood tests carried out by American Health ways; these tests are carried out not only for cost reduction purposes, but for the overall health benefit of the employees. Taking these blood tests ensures that the individual becomes aware of their overall well-being, and also acts as a precaution in the early phases of

Logic in Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logic in Argument - Essay Example Innovative leaders actively seek means of increasing communication and breaking down interdepartmental barriers between the management and the workers. The actions of doing so range from recreation spaces where open forums can be used for making presentations to physical designing of work. Forums, for example, not only improve the workers’ technical communication, but also make them aware of the skills, achievements and progress of their peer competitors. Such an environment instills the need for creativity through critical thinking (Klemm, 2012). Overspecialization is one way that hinders creative thought. An organizational team with members from diverse backgrounds creates an intellectual environment that has the potential to promote development. An environment with diverse minds has a broad perspective of evaluating problems and getting new ways to the best solutions. Moreover, new projects arise from a combination of technical skills and creativity (klemm, 2012). Bill Simon is one leader who has shown the above-mentioned critical thinking skills. He has been the CEO of Wal-Mart USA stores until his retirement on August this year. Simon joined the company in 2006 as the vice president in charge of professional services. Between 2007 and 2010, he was the chief operating officer. During this period, he created and launched the $4 prescription drug package. In 2010, Simon, made a huge turn around by correcting mistakes in merchandise and pricing. He also restored several items that the company had stopped produced and also succeeded in offering low

Mexican Immigration and American Identity Essay

Mexican Immigration and American Identity - Essay Example According to the author, even though other values and principles of non-Protestant immigrants have helped to shape and modified this concept, most Americans accept these basic elements of an Anglo-Protestant culture as the key defining elements of their national identity. Yet, the author states that in the last decades of the 20th century, this culture has been challenged by a context of globalization and ideas of multiculturalism and diversity. The rise of groups that focus on race, ethnicity, and gender over a more general national identity are regarded as a threat to 'the country's cultural and political integrity'. Huntington views immigration from Latin America, especially from Mexico, as the single largest threat to the American identity. This due to a combination of six unique characteristics that differentiate contemporary Mexican immigration from past immigrant flows, being contiguity (boarder proximity), scale (steadily increasing numbers), illegality (illegal entry and permanence into the country), regional concentration (particularly concentrated in California and the Southwest), persistence (no signs of decline over the years), and historical presence (historical claim to the US territory). The boarder proximity with Mexico in the Southwest region encourages immigration and illegal entry into the U.S., which results in the steady increase of Mexican immigration throughout the 20th century. Similarly, it increases the concentration of Mexican immigrants in that area of the country and the illegal characteristics of the flow. Since the conditions creating such immigration (economic cond itions of Mexico, boarder proximity, etc) are unlikely to change, the flow is expected to persist. These factors, the author argues, differentiate the Mexican contingent from previous immigrant groups and are likely to hinder the assimilation of Mexicans into the United States culture. One of the author's main arguments defending the poor assimilation of Mexican immigrants into the U.S. society is the persistent use of their native language through successive generations. Huntington admits that statistics on English proficiency and Spanish preservation are limited and ambiguous. Nevertheless, the author insists that particular characteristics of the flow - scale, persistence and concentration - are likely to encourage the perpetuation of Spanish among successive generations of immigrants. Huntington considers that Spanish retention has a negative impact on the assimilation of the new culture even when proficiency in English is achieved. In addition, bilingualism would affect earnings and put English-only families in disadvantage within the job market. Finally, the concentration of Mexicans in certain areas transform portions of the country into bilingual and bicultural areas, reinforcing Mexican values over the traditional Anglo-Protestant values, which, according to the author, threatens the integrity of the nation, possibly dividing the nation 'into a country of two languages and two cultures'. From my point of view, Huntington's concept of the American identity is limited and excludes a great portion of the nation's cultural and ethnic background. The author's

American culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American culture - Essay Example Probing into the issue of the development of a new definition of American culture after the emergence of black culture will highlight the factors that gave African American culture a momentum. There is need to analyze the resistance that African American culture faced. At the end of the research, it will be possible to define the circumstances that propelled the growth of a vibrant African American culture irrespective of the resistance (Asante 67). As expected, many people are aware of the challenges that African Americans faced before they could get the opportunity to express and live a culture. Most of the African Americans who had the courage to express the uniqueness and richness of black cultural attributes faced an internal conflict of double consciousness. The events that transpired in the last decade of the 19th century and early 20th century redefined American culture. A culture that had predominantly represented the whites and Native Americans in the preceding centuries had to absorb aspects from African Americans. The slavery system accounts for the presence of African Americans in the American context. During the initial period, Africans withheld from expressing any of the cultural factors that had defined them as people before moving to America (Wolfram and Thomas 34). In order to establish the most relevant information, the research will focus on the changes that occurred in the early 1920s. geographically, research will consider all the states with African Americans. African Americans sought to build a unique culture that would define what they had become as a person. The African American culture would alter the homogenous nature of the American culture that had existed. African Americans managed to develop a unique culture that would transform American culture into a heterogeneous one. For some reasons that need identification, the African American culture that resulted was

Discuss the Role that New Media Tecnologies Play in the Promotion, Essay

Discuss the Role that New Media Tecnologies Play in the Promotion, Exhibition and Display of Contemporary Fashion - Essay Example Then a discussion of the way in which the new forms of media are being used will be made in order to see how advantages of the new technologies are being exploited for the benefit of consumer marketing. This essay will explore the nature of communications as it is experienced between the consumer and the retailer through the event of the window display. The concept of ‘new media’ must be observed as a social term that defines time more than it defines a tangible concept. The new media emerged as communications began to grow in such a way as to change the nature of communication. New media involves digital media, cellular communications, internet interactions, and all of the technologies that are emerging from these forms (Lister 2003, p. 9). However, the concept is more than just the technologies. It is the evolutionary break between the world before the internet and the world that has emerged since its proliferation. The way in which humans now communicate has had an el ementary shift. Communication is accomplished through writing, verbalizing or through interpretation of imagery. Communication is codified with signals that indicate context for the content. The impersonal nature of internet communication has been compensated for by the development of social languages that are in many ways kinder and friendlier than in previous forms of more formal communication. Therefore, the nature of how emotion is indicated in written language has become symbolized through pictorials, shortened references such as lol, meaning laugh out loud, and the use of capital letters or small letters. Furthermore, because of the heavy use of advertising, the way in which movement of digital imagery and impact of colour usage has been defined has changed elements of the way in which... This paper approves that the artistry of the window display is secondary to its initial purpose. A window display is intended to create a piece of marketing for the store in front of which it sits. However, creating a good display window does take artistic skills. The skills are unique in that they involve defining a three dimensional space that is confined to specified measurements. This essay makes a conclusion that the communication of the window in a shop is created through the context in which the images in the window are arranged for the viewing consumer. The connection between the shop and the exterior world is defined by the communication of the window, this conduit providing a discourse about the brand and the wares inside the store. As technologies have changed and evolved into the new media, so has the type of communication that the window has created. The window no longer simply tells a story about what is inside the shop, but it must convince the consumer of the need for the products and provide a symbolic connection to the modern world. While technologies have provided both a conversation about modern culture and methods of expressing modern culture, they have also created a challenge for the window designer. In creating a discourse on fashion, the most effective windows create a commentary on the modern world while promoting lifestyles in that worl d that reflect the aesthetics of the designers of the fashions represented.

Mexican Immigration and American Identity Essay

Mexican Immigration and American Identity - Essay Example According to the author, even though other values and principles of non-Protestant immigrants have helped to shape and modified this concept, most Americans accept these basic elements of an Anglo-Protestant culture as the key defining elements of their national identity. Yet, the author states that in the last decades of the 20th century, this culture has been challenged by a context of globalization and ideas of multiculturalism and diversity. The rise of groups that focus on race, ethnicity, and gender over a more general national identity are regarded as a threat to 'the country's cultural and political integrity'. Huntington views immigration from Latin America, especially from Mexico, as the single largest threat to the American identity. This due to a combination of six unique characteristics that differentiate contemporary Mexican immigration from past immigrant flows, being contiguity (boarder proximity), scale (steadily increasing numbers), illegality (illegal entry and permanence into the country), regional concentration (particularly concentrated in California and the Southwest), persistence (no signs of decline over the years), and historical presence (historical claim to the US territory). The boarder proximity with Mexico in the Southwest region encourages immigration and illegal entry into the U.S., which results in the steady increase of Mexican immigration throughout the 20th century. Similarly, it increases the concentration of Mexican immigrants in that area of the country and the illegal characteristics of the flow. Since the conditions creating such immigration (economic cond itions of Mexico, boarder proximity, etc) are unlikely to change, the flow is expected to persist. These factors, the author argues, differentiate the Mexican contingent from previous immigrant groups and are likely to hinder the assimilation of Mexicans into the United States culture. One of the author's main arguments defending the poor assimilation of Mexican immigrants into the U.S. society is the persistent use of their native language through successive generations. Huntington admits that statistics on English proficiency and Spanish preservation are limited and ambiguous. Nevertheless, the author insists that particular characteristics of the flow - scale, persistence and concentration - are likely to encourage the perpetuation of Spanish among successive generations of immigrants. Huntington considers that Spanish retention has a negative impact on the assimilation of the new culture even when proficiency in English is achieved. In addition, bilingualism would affect earnings and put English-only families in disadvantage within the job market. Finally, the concentration of Mexicans in certain areas transform portions of the country into bilingual and bicultural areas, reinforcing Mexican values over the traditional Anglo-Protestant values, which, according to the author, threatens the integrity of the nation, possibly dividing the nation 'into a country of two languages and two cultures'. From my point of view, Huntington's concept of the American identity is limited and excludes a great portion of the nation's cultural and ethnic background. The author's

Discuss the Role that New Media Tecnologies Play in the Promotion, Essay

Discuss the Role that New Media Tecnologies Play in the Promotion, Exhibition and Display of Contemporary Fashion - Essay Example Then a discussion of the way in which the new forms of media are being used will be made in order to see how advantages of the new technologies are being exploited for the benefit of consumer marketing. This essay will explore the nature of communications as it is experienced between the consumer and the retailer through the event of the window display. The concept of ‘new media’ must be observed as a social term that defines time more than it defines a tangible concept. The new media emerged as communications began to grow in such a way as to change the nature of communication. New media involves digital media, cellular communications, internet interactions, and all of the technologies that are emerging from these forms (Lister 2003, p. 9). However, the concept is more than just the technologies. It is the evolutionary break between the world before the internet and the world that has emerged since its proliferation. The way in which humans now communicate has had an el ementary shift. Communication is accomplished through writing, verbalizing or through interpretation of imagery. Communication is codified with signals that indicate context for the content. The impersonal nature of internet communication has been compensated for by the development of social languages that are in many ways kinder and friendlier than in previous forms of more formal communication. Therefore, the nature of how emotion is indicated in written language has become symbolized through pictorials, shortened references such as lol, meaning laugh out loud, and the use of capital letters or small letters. Furthermore, because of the heavy use of advertising, the way in which movement of digital imagery and impact of colour usage has been defined has changed elements of the way in which... This paper approves that the artistry of the window display is secondary to its initial purpose. A window display is intended to create a piece of marketing for the store in front of which it sits. However, creating a good display window does take artistic skills. The skills are unique in that they involve defining a three dimensional space that is confined to specified measurements. This essay makes a conclusion that the communication of the window in a shop is created through the context in which the images in the window are arranged for the viewing consumer. The connection between the shop and the exterior world is defined by the communication of the window, this conduit providing a discourse about the brand and the wares inside the store. As technologies have changed and evolved into the new media, so has the type of communication that the window has created. The window no longer simply tells a story about what is inside the shop, but it must convince the consumer of the need for the products and provide a symbolic connection to the modern world. While technologies have provided both a conversation about modern culture and methods of expressing modern culture, they have also created a challenge for the window designer. In creating a discourse on fashion, the most effective windows create a commentary on the modern world while promoting lifestyles in that worl d that reflect the aesthetics of the designers of the fashions represented.

Hamilton’s Economic Vision Essay Example for Free

Hamilton’s Economic Vision Essay Alexander Hamilton was a staunch Federalist who believed in maintaining power within the national government that is led by men of wealth, intelligence and talent and who are driven towards commercial development. His original proposal for the new constitution was very conservative but he had to accept a compromise if the Constitution was to be approved. Hence, the new government was launched with George Washington elected as President. Hamilton himself was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton envisioned a country of great strength and he believed that growth can only be achieved through domestic manufacturing and overseas trade. He aimed to emulate the stability and governing style of England. He looked admiringly upon competitive and ambitious self-starters who focused on financial successes and encouraged close association with them. Hamilton was determined to move the new government into the direction which he deemed was right and proper. He had a nation to build. Working his way towards such a goal, Hamilton submitted reports to Congress for their endorsement into law. His first was a â€Å"Report on the Public Credit† which came in two phases. The first phase included his recommendations for the funding of the remaining Revolutionary War debt and the federal assumption of debt. He hoped that these actions would â€Å"stabilize the government finances, establish its credit, build confidence in the new nation at home and tie business and commercial interests firmly to the new constitution. † Essentially, funding would allow the government creditors to exchange their much depreciated securities at face value for new, interest-bearing government bonds while the remaining state war debts would be assumed by the federal government. The South argued against the funding mainly because they would not get much benefit from it while arguments against the federal assumption of the remaining debts run came mainly from the States who had almost completely paid off all their debts. Other critics were able to see through Hamilton’s ploy anticipating that the central government merely plans to develop close with the wealth creditors/individuals as the central government will now be the one who will control who gets to be paid and when. Moreover, the central government would now have a justifiable reason to impose taxes. With a side deal of moving the government seat from New York to Philadelphia, Hamilton got his endorsement. The second phase involved the creation of a national bank that is able to handle the â€Å"government’s financial affairs and pooling private investment capital for economic development. † Opposition again came from the South who prefers to promote agrarian development as it sees lesser benefit for them and more for the northern merchants. It was nonetheless endorsed and signed into law by Washington upon the urging of Hamilton. His second on â€Å"Report on Public Credit† proposed the imposition of a series of excise taxes including one on the manufacture of distilled liquor. The Whiskey Tax as it was coined, set the precedent for the government to use its taxing authority to increase federal revenue. Hamilton believed that â€Å"the power to tax and spend was the power to govern. † It became law in March 1791. Finally, in his â€Å"Report on Manufacturers†, Hamilton called for tariffs on imported European goods. This would make the goods produced by American industries more competitive in terms of price. The resulting revenue will â€Å"encourage the expansion of commercial agriculture and a network of federally-sponsored internal improvements† which would â€Å"stimulate commerce and bind the nation more tightly together. † However, since this might reduce overseas trade, Congress did not endorse this. Work Cited Creating a Nation. Name of Book. XXX ed. Year Published.

Ethics Of Human Freedom Philosophy Essay

Ethics Of Human Freedom Philosophy Essay Throughout human history, freedom has been the most important and challenging aspiration to reach. Our forefathers fought for political freedom from the tyranny of occupiers, slaves fought for freedom and equality and women fought for freedom from their stereotypical household duties and their right to vote When asked to define what does freedom mean, people usually have a difficult time coming up with a concrete definition. The common answer of freedom means doing whatever I want, whenever I want generates many conflicting questions. What if ones free actions are harmful to others? Should he then still have the freedom to keep acting that way? Freedom is too abstract of an idea to be defined accurately and precisely. The notion that someone can be absolutely free is absurd. Most of the time, one persons freedom is another persons restriction. In western culture, philosophers have staked out two basic ways of thinking about freedom. The older kind, associated with what is called liberal thinking focuses on the political issues (of which property rights are a subset). In this view, you are free for expressing unpopular opinions, or criticizing government officials, or trying to take part in government yourself, or engaging in commerce, or pretty much doing as you please, so long as you dont hurt anyone. Many influential social thinkers in the 19th and 20th centuries thought that political freedom was not enough and therefore created the so called progressive idea of freedom. They advocated freedom from the tyranny of necessity. In this view, a person too hungry to work, or too poor to feed his or her family, is not really free. A rich person, in contrast, seems free to do many things that a poor person is unable to do. Freedom from hunger, freedom from disease, etc. necessitate a positive right to certain important things, such as food, shelter, and health care. Freedom is the absence of restraints according to the most common usage of the word worldwide. It actually encloses the four following types: 1. Physical freedom: the possibility for a person to go where he/she wants and do what he/she wants 2. Spiritual freedom: the privilege of being able to express ones thoughts or to live according to ones outlook 3. Natural freedom: the authority which enables a person to identify and to live with others of his/her people 4. State freedom: the ability of a person to live under a government of his/her choosing. Therefore, its undeniable that these types help clarifying the idea and the concept of freedom. Freedom is a magnificent word; not only because it covers all the abovementioned subdefinitions, but also because it represents the ultimate target of all human actions and sciences. According to Albert Einstein: All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree. All these aspirations are directed toward ennobling mans life, lifting it from the sphere of mere physical existence and leading the individual towards freedom. Because of its wide range of notions, freedom, thus, is a relative experience. Few people think of freedom in very similar terms. To some, it is about political rights: the right to assemble, to free speech, to participate in government (vote, run for office), etc. To others, its all about property rights: to do with ones land and possessions. To others, freedom means freedom from hunger, or health fears, or other woes. To a few, freedom means total freedom to do anything in some cases limited only by other peoples freedom and in other cases limited only by the individuals will and ability to exercise power. Lets take for instance the American political life, the relativism is often described in terms of Economic Freedoms (issues like taxation, free trade and free enterprise) and Personal Freedoms (issues like drug legalization, abortion and draft); republicans support economic freedom more than personal freedom while democrats support personal freedom more than economic freedom. Freedom is no laughing matter since it can be really dangerous if not combined with the right kind of knowledge and with consciousness. For most of us, money is a means to freedom; if I have money, I have more freedom to do what I like. But in the pursuit of this freedom, I might forget the basic principles and limits predesigned b my conscious and get distracted by the glittering features of the means itself. At the present time, the struggle for freedom has turned into a sinister and melancholic path. Herein the question concerning the relativity of freedom is no longer questionable. In fact, the international political and social arena can provide us with some of the most suitable and expressive examples. For the Qaeda, freedom from the American imperialism can only be taken by force and by undertaking terrorist attacks against civilians. Unfortunately, the use of the word freedom has been nowadays over abused due to the lack of a deep and thorough comprehension of its true meaning. For instance the only meanings of freedom for teenagers is to go out freely, have a cool life and experience all the things that may seem ambiguous for them (drink alcohol, experience sex, try marijuana, etc) Many people claim to support freedom but the problem is that so few of them understand the true meaning of the word. Freedom is almost like everything else in this world; it is what we make of it. Hereafter, the true meaning of freedom for C. Wright Mills: Freedom is not merely the opportunity to do as one pleases; neither is it merely the opportunity to choose between set alternatives. Freedom is, first of all, the chance to formulate the available choices, to argue over them and then, the opportunity to choose.

Free Essays - Yoricks Attitude Towards Women in A Sentimental Journey :: Laurence Sterne A Sentimental Journey

If we are to read Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey, we must abandon the fixed idea about ordinary travel, which are filled with detailed descriptions of the landscapes. In Sterne's work, however, there are unique descriptions of human feelings, compared to the other ordinary travelogues. Consequently, the whole work makes readers confused at first. However, once we are absorbed in that story, we can easily follow Yorick's unique thoughts. Especially his attitude towards women is interesting. He meets many women and his attitude towards them does not change. That is, we can see there exists some principles when Yorick faces women. Therefore I will discuss Yorick's attitude towards Lady at the Remise; the Grisset in Paris; the fille de chambre; Maria and Eliza. Why does Yorick meet so many women in such a short time? As there is not a single passage about his own profile in the story, we cannot assume what he is and what he does in his country. Nevertheless, Yorick seems to be single, because nobody ever told Yorick not to go abroad in the first episode. And also Yorick is really afraid of being kept in prison. Though it is a sort of general fear that everybody can be scared, Yorick seems to be even more sensible about being limited to a particular place or group of people. He tries to set free the "starling" (71-3), because he does hate the feeling of confinement. A marriage possibly can be a sort of confinement to Yorick. That is, being a free single man, Yorick does not want to be tied to particular person. And that makes him meet so many women in such a short time and have lots of relationships with them. Then what is Yorick's attitude towards these women? First of all, he is a little bit passive when he approaches them. Yorick is usually left with a woman in some place, such as "the Remise", "Desobligeant". It is totally different from other's way of making acquaintance with someone. For instance, in case of La Fleur, he directly goes to some girl and have a good time with her (101). As the following example show, Yorick, is not active at all. : "Mons. Dessein left us[Yorick and a lady] together with her hand in mine" (16). When he is in the shop with the Grisset, she willingly asks him to feel her pulse (53).

Gay Rights Essay -- Equality Homosexuality Papers

Gay Rights Throughout history, homosexuality has been looked down upon and legislated against. The law has prohibited any type of behavior outside of the heterosexual relationship. This deviant behavior has included not only homosexuality butalso fornication, adultery, oral, and anal sex. Originally, religious laws prohibited these types of behavior; then civil laws followed suit. The reasoning for these prohibitions is that marriagebetween a man and a woman is the cornerstone of society. "The idea of a man,a woman, and children is what civilization is based on." Therefore, any acts outside of a heterosexual marriage are viewed by fundamentalists as an erosion of society as stated by the Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In our group there is a consensusthat homosexuals should have complete equality with everyone else in this country to not only marryand engage in sexual activities, but also to raise children. This is the result of the factthat in the recent past homosexuals, as well as women, have challenged these restrictions in the courts as well as in the media. Their actions have had a tremendous effect not only on our group butalso on a vast amount of people in this country. Just twenty yearsago there would have been a much greater opposition to equality for homosexuals. Butas a result of their involvement, public awareness has been raised. This paper aims to deal with specific constitutional arguments, a number of court cases, the opinions of a few Hunter College students we talkedto, and the role that homosexuals play in the media. Challenges have beenmade on restrictions of same sex marriages as well as restrictions on adoption by a homosexual couple.Constitutional arguments such as ... ...ore acceptable topic to discuss in society due to the influence of the media and court decisions. As a result, homosexuals are no longer apprehensive to demand their rightful place insociety, along with their civil rights and right to equal protection. Withthe help of public figures and the open- mindedness of the courts and the general public, thequestion of whether homosexuals are entitled to equalrights will be relegated to history. Bibliography BOOKS The Challenge of Democracy, Janda, Berry,Goldman. Fifth edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997 The Law of Sex and Discrimination, J. RalphLindgren and Nadine Taub. Second edition. West Publishing,1998. Sexual Orientation and Human Rights, RobertWintemute. Oxford Press, 1995. WORLD WIDE WEB http://www.aclu.org/news/n061997a.html http://www.nonline.com/procon/html/gayadoptpro.htm

A Critique on the Blank Slate Essay

There are three doctrines which have attained sacred status in modern intellectual life. The Blank Slate, a loose translation of the medieval Latin term tabula rasa, scraped tablet, commonly attributed to John Locke which delves into the opposing of political status quos and social arrangements, stating mainly that the mind is like a sheet of white paper void of all characters and ideas, furnished with words through experience; it denounced the differences seen among races, including the institution of slavery as slaves could no longer be thought of as innately inferior, ethnic groups, sexes and individuals for the differences come not from the innate constitution but from the differences in the experiences. It is indeed fitting to think of the mind that way as the mind is like a blank sheet of paper filled only through experience. Yet it is safe to say that not only experience that can fill it but also preconceptions and expectations of the society. Another doctrine is The Noble Savage, commonly attributed to philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, inspired by the European colonists’ discovery of the indigenous in the New World; it stated the belief that savages were solitary, without ties of love or loyalty and without any industry or art. It also captures the belief that humans in their natural state are selfless, peaceable and untroubled and that negative emotions such as greed and jealousy are products of civilization, a concept which debased Thomas Hobbes’ belief that man is naturally cruel and requires a regular system of police to be resolved. Looking at it from a personal angle, I would say that I quite agree with Hobbes only on one aspect: man is naturally cruel; if he isn’t, then how is it that our history has been tainted with the blood of millions of people who have died because of a single man who could not rein his malice, i.e. Hitler. Even in our everyday life, we manage to impress upon other peopl e our evil nature, even if in a simple way. But that does not mean that we need to surrender our lives to leviathan control for I believe that we can change our nature, no matter how far back we may seem. As the last doctrine states, we are not merely machines with gears and springs, we are our minds and thus we have the ability to think and choose our own decisions. The last doctrine, attributed to Rene Descartes, is perhaps the most ingenious of all: The Ghost in the Machine. Our mind exists because we know how to think and the very act of doing so proves it. Our bodies’ existence however may be doubted for we may simply be immaterial spirits who merely daydream that we are incarnate. Add to that a moral bonus: the belief that the mind is a different kind of thing from the body. And what makes it truly intriguing is the fact that philosophers argue as to when the ghost enters the body, during the start of the fertilization when the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell and creates the zygote or when it has become a fetus ready to be borne into the world. Certainly it is an argument comparable to the question, â€Å"Which came first, the chicken or the egg?† Philosophically answering the question would pertain to another question, â€Å"what is meant by ‘came first’?† as all philosophical questions go. These doctrines have so shaped the world that it has left fingerprints, from Walt Disney to the former president of the United States, George W. Bush. And even for a simple student like me who has recently come across the subject, I can say that I have already thought of such concepts even without reading it before, or at least I have thought about the idea of the Noble Savage and the Blank Slate. Yet as I read the concept of the Ghost in the Machine, I was very much in awe for I have never, in my whole sixteen years of existence, thought of such a thing. And what really appeals to me is the fact that Descartes claims that we are our minds and that our body may merely be an image we have formed as immaterial b eings. Even Buddha thought so, stating that â€Å"We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I have long doubted the ideas of ghosts and reading of such a concept, especially in a subject such as this, makes me wonder how the philosopher conceived such an idea. Thinking of it gives me shivers as it implies that we are beings far greater than we imagined. And as good as it may sound, I think it appeals to man’s egotistic nature; we as humans who have done things, good and evil, try to look for a sound explanation to ease our consciences. I cannot say that the idea does not appeal to me yet I cannot also say that I do agree with it; on the other hand, of the three doctrines, I agree the most with the doctrine of The Noble Savage. I do believe that in our true nature, we are savages but that does not mean that we did not know how to control ourselves; indeed it would seem that the Native Americans, the specific race of people that the Europeans based the doctrine of The Noble Savage on, had a better society than we did: they were less barbaric, no employment problems and substance abuse, even crime was nearly nonexistent. And even if there were hard times, life was definitely stable and predictable. And yet that in itself was the reason why man chose to come out of his â€Å"savage† nature; he wanted adventure, twist and turns in his life; he wanted to feel the thrill of living. There is nothing wrong with that but for every choice there is a price to pay and the price we paid was high even if it remains to be seen whether it was worth it or not. However that is not enough reason to turn over our free will to an autonomous control; doing so would merely undermine the choices we have made for our civilization. Besides, our lives are meant to be lived fully and whatever choices we make, we must stand by it and see it to the end. Our mind, no matter how it started or whatever way it really is, is a tool for us to live our lives as we see fit. We must learn to harness our true potential to make sure that whatever choices we make would produce positive ripples that would be felt in the distant future to help the coming generations. As Plutarch said, â€Å"The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled.†

Health Care Information System Reflection Essay

In my previous job with a medical clinic there were two main technology systems that were used on a daily basis. These systems were CITRIX and MainFrame and were a necessity for the medical clinic in order for all to communicate. Of course there was also email that was used a daily basis throughout the medical clinic. On the CITRIX system is where all the patients’ information was stored from their office visits to the billing information as well as the demographics. All employees that dealt with any of the patient’s information had access to this system and they were able to update it for the patient in real time so that everyone who needed access to the most current information had it. On the MainFrame portion of the main system that the medical clinic used is where the claims were able to be adjusted and all of the billing information was stored. This is also where the employee would be able to transfer medical records or any other information that was needed by the insurance company to the insurance company for further claim processing. There were also other systems that the employee would have to log on to in order to review medical records on a patient but employees had limited access to this health care information system due to the privacy of the patients. This system was the Allscripts system that the medical clinic used. The information within this system was the medical records of any visits that the patient had and also the medications that were prescribed to the patients. Information was shared throughout the organization as all employees that had to receive this information or obtain it would be able to do so from their computer in their office or at their desk. The departments that used these systems the most would be the doctors’ offices and the billing departments. They needed to have access to this information in order to treat the patients correctly and to make sure that the claims were billed properly to the insurance companies  so that the providers could receive reimbursement for their services in a timely fashion. It was also used in order to handle patients calls regarding any issues they may have with the billing information they had received in the mail.

Boeing Company Analysis

Boeing Company Analysis The general external environment consists of six factors (see Exhibit 1) in assessing how a firm operates. These are the industry trends that cause Boeing to make strategic decisions that have an impact on their business. Some examples of the current external environmental factors affecting companies in the Aerospace and defense industry are discussed as follows. The economic factor consists of issues involving the current recession. During a recession the amount of leisure, optional and business travel decreases significantly. This affects the airlines and ultimately affects Boeing. It affects Boeing because if the airlines are not able to make a profit then they hold off or cancel plane orders. The Socio-cultural trend right now is geared towards being environmentally friendly. Many industries including the aerospace and defense industry is looking for ways to not emit gas or other pollutions to preserve the environment. In fact, Boeing has been working on their latest commercial plane the 787 dream liner. It is said to be â€Å"the most fuel efficient and world’s first commercial plane made with composite materials†. (Wikipedia 2010) The technological factor addresses concerns with being able to innovate using the best technology found through advanced research and development. Currently, Boeing is looking for technological changes to create a competitive edge for their newest project, the 787 dream liner, to outperform their leading competitor, Airbus. Legal and Political factors being discussed is Boeing not being able to sell to all countries and the possibility of some of the U.S. military programs being cancelled. â€Å"Boeing is looking to sell aircraft to Taiwan and china does not like the idea of this happening since they are the largest stakeholder to both the United States and Boeing (Cohan 2010)†. Recently U.S. defense secretary Robert Gates announced that â€Å"the U.S. is proposing to revise spending on military equipmentà ¢â‚¬  (Shalal-Esa 2010). The demographic trends coincide with the technology factor because buying patterns of travelers establish the need for these technological changes in the industry. Customers that spend money for the first class amenities or that rather purchase a plane ticket with an airline that offers more, are the reason why airlines request these changes from Boeing. Also, Boeing has very demanding customers. The airlines are the customers in Boeing’s industry and if they do not get what they ask for they look elsewhere to satisfy those needs. Firms need to ensure that they adjust to these trends before the change occurs. Failing to react in time and ignoring these factors could cause a firm to lose out to other firms that have already adjusted. Understanding and achieving success in the external environment will definitely make Boeing an idolized corporate leader among their customers and other competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is the major industr y Boeing is apart of. In this industry there are many changes in how it operates. The consumers who Boeing and the industry are trying to sell to are the large airlines who are still trying to recover from the 9/11 attacks and a slumping economy. You have to be able sell planes as cheap as possible without sacrificing quality and keeping costs low. The current industry dynamics are addressed in the general external factors above. All of these are a concern for the industry and some companies are adjusting to these changes and some are not. If a company does not make the necessary changes and ignore these new trends then they may find themselves not being able to attain profitable returns. Those firms who do make changes will have a competitive advantage and will be profitable, compared to their competitors.

Ethics and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics and Morality - Essay Example According to Rousseau, for the State, it is important that each citizen has some kind of religion or devotion as a regularizing rod for his behavior. It does not matter to the State if the religion is uplifting the citizen in any way or not. Its requirement is that it controls and shapes his behavior in the right way, so that he is not a nuisance in the society and remains a law-abiding citizen. Morality is the other side of the religious coin. It is interesting to note that much of what we call 'morality' today did not exist in the Stone Age. The powerful took away what they needed from the hapless unfortunate creatures, who either perished or got enslaved. It was the jungle law, what prevails today in most of the animal kingdom, though there are interesting exceptions. As man became increasingly aware of his society, community and responsibility towards them, a kind of bond formed around him, making him an integral part of it and certain rules and conditions were either imposed on him, or he became conscious that to adhere to them would be self-preservation from harmful attacks. The individualist nature has resulted in the collective way of life and man found security in numbers and lived as part of a society, where morality became the most important requirement to have a coherent social structure. Social contract theory is supposed to be as old as Philosophy itself and even Socrates' explanation to Crito approaches it. Rousseau comes very close to Hobbes when he says that religion binds the man to morality, law and hence, to social contract. This is helpful for the peace and well being of the society. It glorifies the prince, the country, and the lawmakers. Hence, it is a form of social contract entered between the individual man and the collective society, which later was governed and protected by political authority. Man and society are bound by this unseen contract and it is easy to assume that morality and social contract are complimentary as well as prerequisites to each other. "Social contracts or Contractarianism stems from the political power and control and man's accepting it as legitimate authority in governance of moral fibre of the society." http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contractarianism/ According to Hobbes, it is clear that common interest of fear leads men into political society and fear could be of gory death, insecurity, lack of cultural living, deprivation of comfort and industry, losing satisfaction derived out of life, losing kin and possessions, living with unfulfilled desires, separation, misadventure and hatred ruling every bit of life. Hobbs feels that even a bad political authority is better than none and should be welcomed and cherished.

Leadership in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leadership in Business - Essay Example There are various factors which may impact the leadership style in an organization including the background of the manager, behavior and background of the staff and the organization’s vision, philosophy and values (Anonym). Leadership capacities may also vary from individual to individual like the different mental and physical capabilities of the individuals (Clippinger). Since the leadership styles vary a lot in businesses therefore, analyzing the best leadership style is an important area for the organizations. The aim of this report is to highlight the type of power which the leaders have employed in an organization and to evaluate whether the particular leadership styles have been successful or not in the organization. The organization that has been selected for analysis is Save the Children US. I have selected a non-profit organization because such organizations face huge management challenges. Leaders in NGOs are exposed to extraordinary challenges and both at the organi zational and personal level because they have to work for long hours with very limited resources and mostly under politically volatile and poorly economic conditions (Hailey). Save the Children is recognized as a leading independent organization which aims to create lasting impact in the lives of Children in the U.S. and in various countries of the world (Save the Children). Before going into the details of whether leadership at Save the Children has contributed to its success or not, evaluating the leadership styles in the organization is important. The managerial grid of Blake and Mouton (1964) shows the behavioral characteristics of the successful leaders (Zeidan). The following managerial grid (Table I) shows five types of managerial leaderships based on product concern and people orientation of leaders. In theory â€Å"Team management† is considered ideal for successful leadership however, its implementation is difficult in some work situations (SW Learning Website). At

Your pick of this week's news (Responses) Assignment

Your pick of this week's news (Responses) - Assignment Example Only then could the information be considered comprehensive and objective. The ability of the author to present a balanced discourse was aptly acknowledged. One affirms that the presentation of facts; in conjunction with provision of support from the reliable details enabled the contents to be duly validated. As such, readers get to appreciate the comprehensiveness of the report. It is articles like this that make journalism earn its professional stance. cellphones while on flight. Since it was clear that the opinion of Saunders were predominant, readers were aptly warned that it could be skewed towards this contention. Therefore, it was already appreciated that the supposed compromise solution was provided. However, one significantly affirms that there are more valid and credible reasons from banning the use of cellular phones in the plane during flight. The information from credible sources, based on previous studies or research could have been provided to increase the reliability and validity of the

Global product Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global product - Case Study Example Theodore Levitt (Philip Kotlar, 2000) postulated that corporations that try to sell standardized or global products across diverse global markets are better able to tap in their core competencies and reduce costs through standardization not only of the product but also of the distribution channels and promotional activities. Such a strategy, that Keegan calls Straight Extension1, indeed works with consumer electronics including house-hold goods like washing machines, TV sets, music systems etc. This straight extension involves introducing exactly the same product in a new market (region or country), using the same promotional and distributional strategy that is being used at home. A product that is capable of being accepted per se, and appeals to customers surpassing geographical or cultural difference, would indeed be a global product. It is argued that due to the proliferation of media, Internet, and other means of communication, consumers throughout the world are now exhibiting a taste for common products and services. As such, a truly global product is possible to nurture and maintain in a variety of different world regions. Microsoft had introduced X-Box 360 to three different regions - North America, Europe and Japan, in November last year. (Planet Xbox 360 News, 2nd Feb 2006) The product is aimed at those between 15 and 35 years of age, having disposable incomes, and interested in technology. Microsoft was able to recognize this segment (that spans over three very different continents) and come up with a standardized product and promotional activity to sell it globally. Similarly, the recent introduction of Apple's iPod Nano (Apple.com, and NonStopMac.com) has displayed the proliferation of a global culture that appears to have the hip, trendy, and financially affluent people as its members. This ultra slim and attractive product has caught the imagination of the people world wide - and even given rise to terms like "nanogasm" (urbandictionary.com) - a word coined to mean the utter excitement caused by just thinking about the sleek and trendy iPod Nano. However, there have been more failure than success stories, about how organizations lost millions when they adopted the Straight Extension approach and tried to barge in on the new markets' sensibilities, disregarding the cultural and social nuances. For example, when Philips introduced its large capacity coffee makers in Japan, it found few takers, though Japanese liked coffee and drank it at home too. (Philip Kotler, 2000). It was soon discovered that as Japanese kitchens are smaller, and the Japanese culture is biased towards zero wastage and preservation of food, Philips coffee makers were not welcomed there. By reducing the size of the product, Philip was finally able to make profits in this market. In India, where there is still problem of regular electricity and water supply in even the bigger cities, IFB's fully-automatic front-loading washing machines are not preferred, even by those who believe it to be superior to other brands and makes available in the local market. As can be seen by the above cases, there are many aspects that can prevent a product from becoming a global entity. It is almost impossible, and at times foolish, to

Strategic and Financial Decision-making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic and Financial Decision-making - Essay Example Both the companies are listed under FTSE 100. Under CAPM the calculation of cost of capital depends on the principle that the rate of return required on a security is equal to the risk-free rate of interest plus a risk premium, based on the following formula- Therefore the beta of Sage Group as per calculations is less than the beta that has been published in Bloomberg site and the beta of Diageo Plc as per calculations is also less than that has been published in this site. There can be many reasons for this difference. Like in the case of data like beta that is reported by a site the calculations are more extensive. For the purpose of the calculations, the monthly returns relating to the last twenty four months only has been taken. But the beta estimation in Bloomberg is based on either daily returns or quarterly returns over a long span of time. Some sites base their calculations on the data since the stock inception. As the beta calculated by these sites is based on a longer span of time therefore they are more reliable as it covers a larger number of data points. So the difference in ‘time frame’ can result in different beta estimates. Some of the financial services use weekly observations while others use monthly obser vations whereas others base their calculations on the last day of trading. Another reason for the varying beta is that they are calculated using different indices in the market. Some sources use Standard & Poor 500 as the benchmark index, some use Russell 1000, 2000 and others use Value Line Index. In such situations the best way is to choose which provides the beta for most of the companies in the guideline (Pratt & Niculita, 2007, pp.211) It may be possible that the fundamentals of the company have changed over time in that case the beta that is calculated based on a recent period is more reliable (Pratt & Grabowski, 2008, pp.141). Based on this it can be said that the beta based on the recent period is more reliable as

Self Determination of Indigenous Australians Essay Example for Free

Self Determination of Indigenous Australians Essay â€Å"Self determination is a principle of International Law and it must be the basis of social and political organisation† (Mazel, 2009, 150). This is an important principle in the acknowledging of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples rights. Self determination allows Indigenous peoples to independently determine their political status and gives them the freedom to economically, socially and culturally develop as according to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Maguire, 2009, 2). Acknowledging this fundamental right is essential for Indigenous Australians to be able to preserve their culture, dignity and independence. Therefore, political, social, cultural and economical independence and freedom need to be granted to the Indigenous peoples. Arguably, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) was politically a step forward for Indigenous self determination and autonomy. ATSIC was established in 1990 and allowed Indigenous Australians, via a number of councils, to effectively govern themselves. This gave them the opportunity to take care of their own land, education, economic development, laws and justice and a number of other issues. â€Å"Aboriginals must be recognised for what they are, a peoples in their own right with their own culture, history and values† (Djerrkura and Herron, 1999). Since ATSIC was abolished, the Indigenous peoples have even less political representation and their infrastructure has worsened. To maintain the traditions and culture of the Indigenous Australians, they need to be able to have the strong connection to the land that is such an integral part of who they are as a people. The Aboriginal Land Rights legislation is a positive step forwards in this way. Also, socially there needs to be more recognition in the white Australian community of the damage that was done in past generations and there needs to be more respect for the lands original owners. As more responsibility is taken for the wrongs against the Indigenous population, and more actions are taken such as providing mental health services to help deal with this, there will be less social stigma attached to the Indigenous population. The Australian Government implementing the Northern Territory Intervention was a direct violation of the Racial Discrimination Act and it â€Å"impairs self-determination of Aboriginal communities, their ability to make certain choices about how their communities are run† (Anyana, 2010). This blatant form of institutionalised racism is demoralising and takes the Indigenous Peoples dignity from them, lowering their self-esteem and essentially making the causes of excessive drinking worse. Also, government funding is not going far enough in terms of infrastructure or providing support. Without basic needs being met such as garbage collection or emergency plumbing, the risk of disease is much higher. Most importantly, I believe that there needs to be some constitutional changes so that rights cant be revoked so easily. Also, Indigenous history, culture and customs need to be assimilated into into all compulsory education from as early as possible so that the younger generation can co-exist more harmoniously. Another very important thing for white Australians need to do is stop trying to force westernisation onto the Indigenous people and let them be autonomous. Self determination is necessary for Indigenous cultures so that a cultural majority doesnt take over and force the old culture into extinction. Increased political independence and representation is an important step towards this, as well as encouraging their spirituality and better social integration of the diverse cultures. It is important that the Australian government gives back the Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory the right to manage their own finances and also to economically support these remote communities infrastructural development. This principle of international law is a foundation for organisation both politically and socially because handing over the responsibility is not only a show of respect but allows Indigenous Australians to take pride in who they are. REFERENCE LIST Mazel, O 2009, The Evolution Of Rights: Indigenous Peoples And International Law, Australian Indigenous Law Review; Volume 13, Issue 1. Maguire, A 2009, The Right of self determination to the Indigenous peoples of Australia, National Human Rights Consultation. Djerrkura, G and Herron, J 1999, Regional Autonomy for Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Communities; Discussion Paper. Anyana, M. 2010, The West Australian; NT Intervention violates human rights: UN.

Ship Planning and Hazardous Cargo

Ship Planning and Hazardous Cargo ABSTRACT This project aims to provide an insight of the container shipping industry, in particular the â€Å"mega-vessel†. â€Å"Mega-vessel† here is referred to as large carrying container vessel which is commonly referred also to as a VLCC (Very Large Container Carrier) or ULCC (Ultra Large Container Carrier). By doing research on the factors or/and constraints that limit the size of container vessels will give a better understanding of how the container industry has been evolving till present. We will look into seven areas which can affect the decision of constructing large container vessels. Factors or/and constraints that limit the size of container vessels are important points to look into when deciding whether or not to proceed with a decision of building larger vessels for the purpose of optimizing vessel space and achieving economy of scale. INTRODUCTION Container shipping industry has been expanding in terms of vessel size since it first came to existence in the 1950s and is expected to continue to grow gradually. In the 1960s, the so-called largest container vessel had a container capacity of 1,000 TEU then increased to 2,000 TEU for the following 10 years and so on. From then on, it has reached to the present biggest container vessel, Emma Maersk with capacity of 11,000 TEU. Now an entire industry has come into sight and therefore container terminals have become a crucial link to the chain of intermodalism. Malaccamax is referred to vessel of 21m draft permissible to pass through Malacca Strait – a major shipping route between Europe and Asia. Adding the 10% underkeel clearance, the minimum channel depth of at least 23.1m is required in port and alongside the berth. She would have a capacity of 18,000 TEU, a length of 470m and a beam of 60m. Even so, with Suez Canal planning to increase the cross-section breadth and depth over the coming years, Malaccamax will be able pass the Suez Canal in future as its current narrowest width is at 60m. With the trend towards building larger container vessels make ports even more incapable to accommodate them. Terminal advancement and dredging are some of the options for existing harbours to decide and some ports already have plans to deepen or widen its channel or berth depth. To some, this may not be feasible to construct larger vessel as not only it is a challenge to design it in a way it is safe to navigate but also gives more room for casualties like grounding and navigational error. FACTORS AND CONSTRAINTS THAT LIMIT THE SIZE OF CONTAINER VESSELS A container terminal is a facility that handles ocean-going vessels along the coastline to manage movement of cargo (container) in and out of a country. A typical container terminal consists of berths, yards, quay cranes, storage area, equipments to handle containers, gatehouse that controls the flow of containers in and out of the yard and administration building. In this section, we will look into the factors and constraints that limit the size of container vessel. Port Infrastructure – Terminal Water depth The water depth of a berth has to be deep enough to accommodate Malaccamax which is said to have a draft of 21m. Ports with shallow draft will face a problem when Malaccamax calls in the port. They may have to deepen its draft through dredging or expanding the land used for storing of containers as part of the port development. Quay length The quay length is defined by the expected size of vessel to call at the terminal. Since this research is about Malaccamax, she would have a length of 470m, thus the berth needs to have a length capacity sufficient to take in Malaccamax for loading and discharging of containers. Beam width Beam width is to be taken into consideration as part of the port development to accommodate future vessels. The entrance channel should be wide enough for her to pass through. Quay cranes are to be replaced with highly durable and that the outreach of the cranes can be extended and reach the very last row of the ship. Lifting capacity is also an important point for handling of hatch cover pontoons. Storage space To expand the landside container storage yard should be done if future large vessel like Malaccamax is to be constructed. Especially now with the no. of containers handled will be increased, most likely the port would need an extension of storage space as well as CFS (container freight station) for stuffing and stripping of containers. Another constraint that the yard can have is the dwell time – the time cargo (container) remains in a terminals in-transit storage area while awaiting shipment by clearance transportation. The longer the dwell time, the lesser containers can be handled at any one time. By expanding the storage area, will reduce the time taken to handle containers which are waiting to be transferred out. Ship’s design and cargo handling Ship structure The ship’s structure has to be able to carry more containers in cargo holds as well as on deck. It should also allow a better field of vision from the bridge to navigate the ship. The bow has to be strong enough to withstand the bow impact during the journey. It should be built with concrete frames, in a way to reduce torsional stresses and internal and external forces. Engine In today’s ship, it is equipped with one propeller, with the largest diesel engine manufactured (12 cylinders), maximum boring (980 or 960 mm), the power available is approximately 93.000 BHP (68500 kw), which gives a maximum speed of approximately 24-25 knots, which is required by industry. Now with the expansion of container ship size, one propeller is not enough to withstand the large vessel. The diesel engine should also be increased to maybe about 14-16 cylinders so that the maximum speed of the vessel can remain the same or even increase to higher knots. All designs beyond the 9,500–10,000 TEU limit require alternative propulsion, either twin screw or some kind of combination with pods or contra-rotating propellers. Using double propulsion can be another option for larger vessel like what the small draft tankers used. Capital costs, fuel costs and daily operating costs all will go up with a twin screw ship, however the advantage of using the double propulsion is that if one of the engines breaks down, the ship can still be controlled by another engine. This increases the investment and hence offsets the economy of scale incentive for bigger size. If it happens, there will most probably have to be a jump in size to compensate for the increased capital cost. To meet the SOLAS requirements for bridge visibility on such a large ship, the design envisages the separation of deckhouse and engine room. The innovative arrangement of the deckhouse in the forward part of the ship permits an increase in container capacity and a reduction in ballast water. Container lashing Lashings are essential and every container vessel will carry lashing equipments like lashing bar, turnbuckles and twistlocks used to secure containers onboard, especially in the present situation where containers are stacked as high as nine high. Even so with the securing of containers, sometimes accident happens and containers collapsed like dominos. To reduce the risk of further accidents, some ways can be adopted like considering temporary reduction in container stack heights, revised weather routeing and replacement of lashing equipment. Sometimes, lashing bars can also break. Probably the reason behind it is that heavy container is stacked onto lighter ones. This is where the job of a ship planner comes into picture. The ship planner has to plan loading of containers in a way it is safe from the loading point till it reach the discharging point. With Malaccamax coming along, lashing of containers becomes more vital and needs to be carried out in a safe manner. It has to be regularly checked and assessed and if needed, to tighten the lashing bars. Crew Crew plays an important role in ensuring that the ship is properly manned. Without crew, ships cannot sail. With regards to Malaccamax, qualification and competency of a crew is a challenge. Of course with this, they would require the best crew onboard. Simulators also need to be further advanced for bigger ships. Most vessels employ 13 crews on board, however in the case of Malaccamax, it has to be increased to do the daily routine. 13 crews onboard can’t possibly handle such a large vessel. Cargo (reefer) Usual accidents that we also hear from container vessels are loss of containers, collision, fire and some cargo claims especially with regards to reefer containers. In this case, reefer containers pose a kind of problem because it has to have power points for the reefers to operate. Power points are to be situated at one side so reefers will be placed together at a single point. Crew has to also check the temperature needed depending on its content. That is one of the reasons why reefers cannot be loaded in cargo hold. Technical constraint Cargo handling equipment (quay crane, mobile crane, gantry cranes, etc) The life span of a crane is 40 years but the useful life will not be more that 25 or 30 years. Improved and automated handling equipment is required for the ships’ turnaround time to be reduced. Port can also improve on the yard productivity to overcome the situation. Road and rail intermodal connection It is important to improve the situation in port. Currently, we are facing the common constraint in yard which is congestion. By expediting on the technology, we can utilise the container space even more by higher stacking of containers. Gatehouse can also be replaced with automated gantry that allows trucks to move in and out of the yard with less difficulty. The terminal operator can install some kind of a system that can see through the trucks for security purpose. That will reduce the employment of staff for the job and also reduce the waiting time for trucks to get in and out of the yard. Some countries have rail system where it will transport containers from one place to another place using railways. Now with more containers coming in the port, the system has to be amended for an example to use double stack or triple stack high on rail. With this kind of system, it can carry at least twice the normal no. of containers being transported by rail. Turnaround time It is obvious that the ship’s turnaround time would be slower for large vessels like Malaccamax. Therefore it is the ports’ trading speed that will attract ship owners to acquire any services needed. Ports should stay competitive especially when handling large vessels like Malaccamax since not many ports have the capability to deal with it. Container handling equipments will have an impact on the turnaround time. To reduce it, maintenance of the equipments needs to be in a regular basis so that the efficiency is maintained at a high level. To use additional cranes or faster hoist speeds and trolleys can minimise the constraint in port. IT The crippling of the port need not be through the destruction of physical assets—it can also occur through the disruption of the information systems controlling port flow. Only a sophisticated information network management system can allow the port to manage the volumes and complexity of handling different cargoes all at once. As the hub ports grow bigger, even more information needs to be processed and disseminated. This makes the hub ports—and the entire maritime shipping structure—even more vulnerable to disruption of the information network itself. Operational cost When we talk about Malaccamax, being the future largest container vessel to be constructed, surely all sorts of costs will increase especially the bunker cost. With twin engine usage and heavy deadweight will consume more bunkers. With the maintenance of ships’ engine, other equipments and all as part of the operational cost, it would definitely increase as compared to smaller vessel of say 8000 TEU. Speed of a ship is of critical importance as ship will enjoy economy of scale when she is at sea. When in port, capital cost will start building up. CONCLUSION The growth of vessel size and the development of hub ports are the result of the search for efficiencies and profit by private businesses competing in a fierce shipping market. The growth in demand for container ships is required to provide employment for the rapidly expanding container ship fleet. When talking about business, of course risks are involved and when times are bad, the container ship industry will be greatly affected especially with the economic downturn crisis at present. Although the container ship is a type of reliable ship, the rapid development of new bigger designs and the increasing value of the cargo call for a more proactive approach in order to deal effectively with the hazards currently associated with container ships. The industry as a whole must focus on these issues and find suitable solutions. REFERENCES A.Jordan, Micheal, Future: Proof your crane, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.jwdliftech.com/LiftechPublications/mj_futureproofcrane.pdf All Business, Containerships: Making it to the Malaccamax?, viewed on 23rd June 2009 http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation-equipment-manufacturing/ship-boat-building/1189984-1.html Association Francaise Des Capitaines De Navires, The safety of the container ships; An increasing concern, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.afcan.org/dossiers_techniques/porte_conteneur_gb.html Blankey, Nick, Containerships: Making it to the Malaccamax?, viewed on 23rd June 2009 http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation-equipment-manufacturing/ship-boat-building/1189984-1.html C.Ircha, Micheal, Serving tomorrow’s mega size container vessels, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.unb.ca/transpo/documents/Servingtomorrowsmegasizecontainerships..01.pdf Compton, Mike, Seaways magazine: Container safety, Dec 2008 p19 DNV, Container ship safety: An area for increasing concern?, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.dnv.com/industry/maritime/publicationsanddownloads/publications/dnvcontainershipupdate/2004/no32004/ContainershipsafetyAnareaforincreasingconcern.asp Global Security.org, Container Ship Types, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/container-types.htm Looklex Encyclopedia, Suez Canal, viewed on 24th June 2009 http://looklex.com/e.o/suez_can.htm Maersk, Emma Maersk, viewed on 24th June 2009 http://about.maersk.com/en/Fleet/Pages/Fleet.aspx Tozer, David and Penfold, Andrew; Ultra Large Container Ships; designing to the limit of current and projected terminal infrastructure capabilities; viewed on 23th June 2009 http://www.antiport.de/doku/gutachten/ulcs.pdf The Scottish Government, Container Transhipment and Demand for Container Terminal Capacity in Scotland, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/09/19885/42551 Y.Coulter, Daniel, Globalization of Maritime Commerce: The Rise of Hub Ports, viewed on 15th June 2009 http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/Books_2002/Globalization_and_Maritime_Power_Dec_02/08_ch07.htm